老鸦瓣种子生理及其萌发特性研究

目的:探究老鸦瓣种子生理特性,提高种子萌发率。方法:解剖观察老鸦瓣种子内部结构;浸种法测定种子吸水曲线;动态观察不同层积处理对种胚发育的影响;统计不同培养条件下破眠种子萌发率及萌发指数;白菜籽生物鉴定法检测老鸦瓣种子萌发抑制物。结果:刚成熟老鸦瓣种子胚率仅为10%左右;种皮无透水障碍;300 mg.L-1赤霉素浸泡处理24 h后,25℃恒温层积70 d再转入5℃低温层积种胚成熟最快;破眠种子在10,15℃黑暗条件下萌发率最高,萌发指数最大;老鸦瓣干种存在一定的醇溶性萌发抑制物质。结论:老鸦瓣种子属综合休眠型,但以胚形态休眠为主,变温层积处理可有效打破种胚休眠,破眠种子在10,15℃黑暗环境下萌发率可达90%以上。

Study on physiological and germination characteristics of Tulipa edulis seed

Objective: Current study was conducted to investigate the seed physiological characteristics of Tulipa edulis and improve germination rate.Method: Anatomical characteristics was observed.Seed water absorption curve was tested by soaking method.Dynamic of embryo development and germination rate as well as germination index under different conditions were recorded.And the biological test of cabbage seed was used for detecting the germination inhibitors.Result: The embryo rate of newly matured seeds was about 10%,and there was no obstacle of water absorption on testa of T.edulis.The optimum method for embryo development was exposure to 300 mg·L-1 gibberellin solution for 24 hours,and stratification at 25 ℃ for 70 days followed by stratification at 5 ℃ for 40 days.The germintion rate and germination index of dormancy-broken seeds under the dark environment at 10 ℃ and 15 ℃ were significantly higher than those under other conditions.Additionally,there were some germination inhibitory substances in dry seeds.Conclusion: The seed of T.edulis can be classified as having complex morphophysiological dormancy,and the morphological embryo dormancy played a leading role.Warm and cold stratification resulted in a fast dormancy breaking effect,and a high germination rate more than 90% could be obtained under the optimum conditions.