海南省2016—2018年肺结核流行病学特征

目的 分析海南省2016—2018年肺结核流行病学特征,为今后制定结核病防治策略提供参考依据。方法 描述性分析2016—2018年海南省肺结核流行病学特征,Excel 2010整理数据,用SPSS 17.0进行统计学分析。 结果 2016—2018年海南省共登记肺结核患者24 105例,年均登记发病率为85.18/10万,菌阴患者所占比例最高。 2月份登记人数显著减少,季节性明显。海口市登记病例数最多,年均登记发病率居前三位的地区分别为东方市（161.38/10 万）、陵水黎族自治县（154.33/10 万）、乐东黎族自治县（142.144 /10 万）,三亚市年均发病率最低 （56.04/10 万）,不同地区发病率的差异有统计学意义( χ²=602.31,P<0.05);登记病例数男女性别比为3.28∶1,女性登记发病率40.77/10 万低于男性登记发病率127.49/10 万,不同性别发病率的差异具有统计学意义（χ²=2 083.41,P<0.01）;农民登记人数最多,为15 605例,占总登记人数的64.74％,学生所占比例也相对较高;发病年龄主要集中在20~65岁,占总登记人数的75.42％。结论 偏远山区和农民是结核病防控的重点地区和重点对象,特别是中青年;应加强对学生的结核病防控工作,避免聚集性疫情。

Epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Hainan, 2016-2018

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis in Hainan Province from 2016 to 2018, and we provide reference for the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis. Methods The epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis in Hainan province from 2016 to 2018 were analyzed. The data were collected in Excel2010, and analyzed statistically with SPSS 17.0. Results Hainan province registered 24 105 cases of tuberculosis from 2016 to 2018, with an average annual registered incidence rate of 85.18/100 000. The proportion of patients with negative bacteria was the highest. The number of registrations decreased significantly in February, with obvious seasonality. Haikou City has the largest number of registered cases. Dongfang City (161.38/100 000), Lingshui Li Autonomous County (154.33/100 000) and Ledong Li Autonomous County (142.144/100 000) were the top three areas of annual registered incidence, and Sanya city (56.04/100 000) was the lowest. There was a significant difference in the rate (χ²=602.31, P<0.05); The sex ratio male to female of registered persons was 3.28∶1, and the registered incidence rate of females (40.77/10⁵) was lower than that of males (127.49/10⁵). The difference was statistically significant (χ²=2 083.41,P<0.01); Farmers registered the largest number of cases, 15 605, accounting for 64.74% of the total number of registered cases, the proportion of students was also relatively high; The age of onset was mainly concentrated at 20 to 65 years old, occupying 75.42% of the total number of registered people. Conclusion The rural area is the key area of tuberculosis control, and the farmer is the key target of tuberculosis control, especially the young and middle-aged; and we should strengthen tuberculosis prevention and control among students to avoid cluster outbreaks.