北京市房山区某初中学生膳食营养素摄入与体质健康的相关性研究

目的 了解北京市房山区某初中学生膳食营养素摄入与体质健康状况的关系,为提高青少年体质健康状况提供依据。方法 采取整群抽样方法,选取北京市房山区某初中3个年级学生进行体质健康测试、3 d 24 h膳食回顾调查及营养知-信-行（K-A-P）问卷调查。结果 共有效调查181名学生,女生92人（50.83%）,男生89人（49.17%）。该校初中生体质达标率为34.81%,性别差异有统计学意义（Ρ<0.05）;体质达标学生膳食营养素摄入较好,但钙的日均摄入量仅为推荐摄入量（RNI）的43.74%;体质未达标学生9种营养素的日均摄入量均低于体质达标学生,差异均有统计学意义（均Ρ<0.05）,其中维生素A及钙的日均摄入量低于RNI的30%,蛋白质、维生素B₂、维生素C、锌、硒、铁也仅达到RNI的40%~60%;体质达标学生营养K-A-P得分优于未达标学生,差异有统计学意义（Ρ<0.01）;Pearson相关性分析显示蛋白质（r=0.706,Ρ<0.01）及钙（r=0.636,Ρ<0.01）的摄入与体质健康呈强相关。结论 北京市房山区某初中学生体质健康状况较差,膳食营养素摄入与体质健康有相关性,建议通过合理膳食来增强学生体质。

Correlation between dietary nutrients intake and physical health of students in a junior middle school in Fangshan District,Beijing

Objective To investigate the correlation between dietary nutrients intake and physical health of students in a junior middle school in Fangshan District of Beijing, and to provide basis for improving physical health status of teenagers. Methods By cluster sampling method, students of 3 grades in a junior middle school in Fangshan District of Beijing were selected for physical health test, 3-day 24-hour dietary review survey, and questionnaire survey on knowledge, attitude and practice （K-A-P） of nutrition. Results A total of 181 students were effectively investigated, including 92 girls （50.83%） and 89 boys （49.17%）. The control rate of physical health of students in this junior middle school was 34.81%, and the gender difference was statistically significant （Ρ<0.05）. The intake of dietary nutrients among students whose physical health reaching standard was good, but the daily average intake of calcium just accounted for 43.74% of recommended nutrient intake （RNI）. The 9 dietary nutrients intake of students whose physical health not reaching standard all less than the students reaching standard, and the differences were statistically significant （all Ρ<0.05）. The daily average intake of vitamin A and calcium among students whose physical health not reaching standard was below 30% of RNI, protein, vitamin B₂, vitamin C, zinc, selenium and ferrum just accounted for 40%~60% of RNI. The questionnaire scores of K-A-P of nutrition among students whose physical health reaching standard were better than those not reaching standard, and the difference was statistically significant （Ρ<0.01）. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the intake of protein （r=0.706, Ρ<0.01） and calcium （r=0.636, Ρ<0.01） strongly correlated with physical health. Conclusion The physical health of the junior middle school students in Fangshan District of Beijing was poor, and there was a statistical correlation between the dietary nutrients intake and physical health. It is suggested that the physical health of students should be enhanced by reasonable diet.