海南省2010—2019年热射病患病数与气候温湿度的相关性

目的 探讨我国年平均气温最高省份海南省热射病患病人数与同期主要气候因素的相关性。方法 收集2010—2019年海南省东南西北中部共8大区域（海口、三亚、儋州、文昌、万宁、琼中、白沙、东方）所在地的各大医院热射病发生年份及月份的完整病例数。同期收集从全国温室数据系统网站了解到的当时海南省各气象监测点（海口、三亚、儋州、琼海、陵水、东方、琼中）记录的平均温度及平均相对湿度。对符合资料收集要求的共计177例热射病患者以及海南省平均温度及平均相对湿度等相关资料,进行回顾性分析。结果 海南省2010—2019年热射病患病人数,较往年呈现明显上升趋势,且患病人数集中在5—7月,以6月份最多。2010—2019年海南省热射病患病人数与月平均温度（r=0.797,P<0.05）及年平均温度（r=0.801,P<0.05）均呈现正相关关系;与月平均相对湿度（r=-0.650,P<0.05）呈现负相关关系;与年平均相对湿度（r=-0.172,P>0.05）未呈现相关性。结论 海南省热射病患病数近年来已经呈现波动上升的趋势,且具备“基本全年皆可患病;月平均温度越高,月平均相对湿度越低,患病人数越多”等明显特点,应当引起重视,注意相应防护。由于热射病通常累及全身多个系统,其病死率高、危害性大,因此加强气象监测,加强对热射病防治的宣传,引导海南省居民进行热习服,可预防或减少热射病的发生。

Correlation between the number of patients suffering from heat stroke and climate temperature and humidity in Hainan, 2010-2019

Objective To explore the correlation between the number of people suffering from heat stroke and the main climatic factors in Hainan province. Methods The complete cases of heat stroke were collected from the hospitals located in eight regions (Haikou, Sanya, Danzhou, Wenchang, Wanning, Qiongzhong, Baisha, Dongfang, etc.) in Hainan Province from 2010 to 2019. In the same period, we collected the average temperature and relative humidity recorded by meteorological monitoring points (Haikou, Sanya, Danzhou, Qionghai, Lingshui, Dongfang, Qiongzhong) in Hainan Province from 2010 to 2019 from the National Greenhouse Data System website. A total of 177 patients with heat stroke who met the data collection requirements and the average temperature and relative humidity in Hainan Province were retrospectively analyzed. Results The number of patients with heat stroke in Hainan Province from 2010 to 2019 showed an obvious upward trend compared with previous years, and the number of patients was concentrated in May to July, with the largest number in June. From 2010 to 2019 in Hainan province, there was a significant positive correlation between the number of residents suffering from heat stroke and their monthly mean temperature (r=0.797, P<0.05) and annual mean temperature (r=0.801, P<0.05); there was a significant negative correlation between the number of residents suffering from heat stroke and their monthly mean relative humidity (r=-0.650, P<0.05); there was no significant correlation between the number of residents suffering from heat stroke and their annual mean relative humidity (r=-0.172, P>0.05). Conclusion In recent years, the trend of heat stroke in Hainan Province has been fluctuating and rising, and it has obvious characteristics of "almost all year round; the higher the monthly average temperature is, the lower the monthly average relative humidity is, and the more the number of patients is", we should pay attention to it and do the corresponding protection. As heat stroke usually involves multiple systems of the whole body, its mortality is high and its harm is great, therefore, strengthening meteorological monitoring, strengthening the publicity of heat stroke prevention and control, and guiding residents in Hainan Province to carry out heat acclimatization can prevent or reduce the occurrence of heat stroke.