化学物的神经毒性体外评价方法

神经系统毒性反应是药物常见的毒性反应。神经系统对外源性和内源性毒性物质的攻击都十分敏感,因而毒性作用的结果也可能较其他系统更为严重。神经毒性的体外评价主要用于药物筛选的早期阶段以及毒性机制研究。神经毒性的体外评价以各种培养的细胞和组织模型为基础,随着体外培养的复杂程度增加,培养物与活体内组织的相似性越高。体外评价的终点包括一般细胞毒性指标、神经轴突生长的形态学指标和反映特异神经毒性的指标。

Methods for in vitro assessment of neurotoxicants

Neurotoxicity is the most common adverse drug reaction seen in clinic. The nervous system is more sensitive to internal and external toxic attacks. Therefore, neurotoxicants may exert more serious effects than general toxic chemicals. At present, in vitro neurotoxicity assessment is mainly applied in early pharmaceutical screening and toxic mechanism study. Neurotoxic tests are performed on the basis of different kinds of cell and tissue culture systems. As the complexity of the culture systems increases, cells in these systems gain more features resembling those in vivo. Endpoints used in these tests usually involve general cytotoxicity, morphological changes associated with neurite outgrowth and parameters of specific neurotoxicity.