化疗致恶心呕吐的研究进展

摘 要化疗所致的最常见的消化道反应是恶心、呕吐。剧烈的呕吐可以导致患者脱水、电解质紊乱、摄入不足、一般状况衰弱，有时还可能导致吸入性肺炎。恶心、呕吐控制不佳会使患者对化疗产生畏惧甚至拒绝，也可能因此而更改化疗方案。因此，有效控制恶心、呕吐对化疗的顺利进行、提高患者生活质量和依从性具有重要的意义。近年来，对化疗相关恶心、呕吐的新药研发有了很大的进步，但是仍然存在许多不足之处。因为恶心、呕吐的病理生理学仍然未完全清楚。本文综述了近年来在化疗相关性止吐药物的研究进展，旨在为临床医生、临床药师提供参考。

New Advances in Chemotherapy induced Nausea and Vomiting

ABSTRACTThe most common gastrointestinal response to chemotherapy is nausea and vomiting. Severe vomiting can lead to dehydration, electrolyte disorders, insufficiency, general weakness, and sometimes aspiration pneumonia. Uncontrolled nausea and vomiting may make patients to fear or even reject further chemotherapy, and also change chemotherapy regimens. Therefore, effective control of nausea and vomiting is of great significance to the smooth operation of chemotherapy and improving the quality of life and compliance of patients. In recent years, there have been great advances in the development of new drugs for the nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy, however, many shortcomings still exit. The exact pathophysiology of nausea and vomiting remains unclear. In this paper, the advances in the chemotherapy related nausea and vomiting are reviewed to provide reference for clinicians and clinical pharmacists.