湖南省农村老年人社区护理需求调查分析

目的了解湖南农村老年人的健康状况、保健意识及对社区护理的需求状况,探讨社区护理在湖南农村的开展形式,分析社区护理和农村合作医疗相结合的可行性。方法采用自行设计的问卷,对湖南省993户家庭进行调查,从中抽取205份65岁以上老年人填写的问卷进行统计学分析,内容包括人口学资料、健康状况、保健意识、社区护理需求。结果60.5%的老年人患有各种慢性病,退行性骨关节病居首位(23.9%),患1种慢性病以上的比例为26.6%;老年人的生活环境和医疗条件有所改善,49.2%的家庭中备有常备药,当老年人身体不适时找医生和自己找药吃的高达84.9%,53.7%的老年人觉得有必要做体检,但仍存在明显的不良卫生习惯;老年人对社区护理各项需求相差不大,在60%左右;农村老年人选择最多的就医场所是私人诊所(45.8%)和乡卫生院(36.5%)。结论湖南农村老年人患病率高,有一定的保健意识,对社区护理的需求迫切;可以利用农村合作医疗现有的资源,使社区护理模式向农村延伸,以进一步满足农村老年人的卫生服务需求。

Analysis of the Needs of the Elderly for Community Nursing Services in Hunan Rural Areas

Objective To understand the health status,healthcare awareness and need for community nursing among the elderly in the rural areas of Hunan Province,and discuss the operation of community nursing practices in the rural areas in Hunan Province and the feasibility of integrating such practices into the New Rural Cooperative Medical Care System.Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to survey 993 families in the rural areas of Hunan Province.Statistical analysis was conducted with 205 questionnaires collected from elderly subjects above 65 years for the demographic data,health status,healthcare awareness,and needs for community nursing services.Results Of the elderly subjects surveyed in this study,60.5% suffered various chronic diseases,among which degenerative joint disease was the most frequent one,involving 23.9% of the subjects.Improvement was seen in the living condition and medical care services,and 49.2% families had supplies of the commonly used medicines.Surprisingly,84.9% of the elderly subjects preferred self-administered medication to seeking profession attention for discomforts,and 53.7% recognized the necessity of medical examination,but still having some undesirable habits concerning personal hygiene.No obvious difference was noted in the demand of healthcare services among the elderly(60%);private clinics(45.8%) and township healthcare centers(36.5%) were among the primary choices of the elderly for medical care.Conclusion The elderly in rural areas in Hunan Province have high incidence of chronic diseases and moderate healthcare awareness,and full use of the available medical resources in the Rural Cooperative Medical Care System and extension of the community healthcare practices to the rural areas may meet the urgent need of the rural elderly subjects for medical care services.