绝经后子宫内膜增厚的研究进展

近年来,随着女性健康意识及超声检查技术的提高,超声发现绝经后妇女子宫内膜增厚的比例明显上升。根据有无阴道出血可将绝经后子宫内膜增厚分为绝经后子宫内膜增厚伴阴道出血及无症状的绝经后子宫内膜增厚。绝经后子宫内膜增厚的病因及病理类型复杂,早期无临床症状或仅表现为绝经后阴道出血(postmenopausal bleeding,PMB),诊断性刮宫或与宫腔镜检查联合是诊断子宫内膜病变的主要方式。目前子宫内膜厚度与子宫内膜病变的关系尚未明确,而对有无阴道出血的子宫内膜增厚的患者,对内膜增厚的评估的标准是不同的。根据子宫内膜厚度决定是否进一步检查以对子宫内膜病变做到早发现早治疗有重要意义。对绝经后子宫内膜增厚的发病原因、子宫内膜增厚的评估和诊疗进行阐述。

Research Progress in Endometrial Thickening of Postmenopausal Women

With the improvement of ultrasound technology and application,more endometrial thickening of postmenopausal women were found.According to whether there is vaginal bleeding,the endometrial thickening in postmenopausal women is divided into two groups,postmenopausal endometrial thickening with vaginal bleeding and asymptomatic postmenopausal endometrial thickening.The etiologies and pathologies of postmenopausal endometrial thickening are complicated.There is no clinical symptom,or only accompanied by vaginal bleeding,at the early stage of disease.Diagnostic curettage,or combined with hysteroscopy,is the primary way to diagnose endometrial diseases.Currently,the relationship between endometrial thickness and endometrial diseases is unclear.The evaluation standards of endometrial thickness are different between the two groups.However,the evaluation endometrial thickness is important for gynecologists to consider further examination to diagnose early and treat endometrial diseases.This article summarizes the causes,diagnosis and treatment of postmenopausal endometrial thickening.