福建省1166例成人烧伤住院患者流行病学分析及对护理工作的启示

目的 探讨成人烧伤患者临床流行病学特征,为预防烧伤的发生制定和实施针对性的护理提供参考.方法 回顾性分析了2012年6月~2015年6月福建省烧伤中心收治的1166例成人烧伤患者的临床资料.依照世界卫生组织年龄划分,分为青年组、中年组、老年组,对3组进行比较.包括性别、烧伤原因、面积、深度、吸入性损伤、并发症和病死率、发病季节、现场处理、平均手术次数、平均住院时间、平均住院费用、临床治疗效果等.结果 3年来成人烧伤占同期住院患者总数的年平均百分比为44.72%(1166/2607).男性患者856例,女性310例,男女性别比例为2.76: 1.在成人烧伤中以青年人最多,占60%(700/1166).烧伤深度II度最多,占49.4%(576/1166),Ⅱ~Ⅲ度占35.8%(417/1166).平均体表烧伤总面积为(11.93±15.87)%,烧伤地点以工作场所最多,占50.3%,烧伤原因以火焰伤最多,占41.5%,现场处理以水冲和脱衣物为主,分别占12.7%和13.6%.烧伤部位以头面部、躯干、手、前臂多见.烧伤季节以夏季高发,占30.6%.全年中烧伤月份7月最多.10: 00~12: 00发生烧伤人数最多.有10.4%(122/1166)的患者发生吸入性损伤.平均手术次数为(0.48 ± 1.05)次,平均住院时间为(23.55±27.71)d,平均住院费用为(42554.14±87877.00)元.3组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 福建省成人烧伤青中年人以工作伤、火焰伤、手烧伤为主要特征,老年人以居家、火焰伤、头面烧伤、面积较大为主要特征.需加强职业安全防范措施,加强对中青年工人的岗位安全教育,同时加强老年人居家的安全防范,降低烧伤发生率.

Epidemiological characteristics of 1 166 cases of hospitalized adult burn patients and its implications for nursing in Fujian

Objective To understand the adult burn patients'clinical epidemiology features in Fujian province to provide references for formulating and carrying out the targeted measures. Methods The clinical data of 1 166 burn adults inpatients from June 2012 to June 2015 in the Burn Center of Fujian province were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into youth group, middle-aged group and older-aged group according to the division of age of the World Health Organization and the three groups were compared, including burn area, depth, inhalation injury, complica-tions, mortality, morbidity season, treatment and prognosis, the average number of surgery, the average length of stay, the average hospitalization expenses, etc.Results In three years, the burn adults accounted for 44.72% for the average annual percentage of the total number of hospitalized patients at the same period(1 166/2607).856 were male patients and 310 were women.Sex ratio was 2.76: 1.The young were the most among the burn adults, accounting for 60% (700/1 166).Patients with II degree burn depth were the most, accounting for 49.4% (576/1 166), and pa-tients with II~III degree accounted for 35.8% (417/1 166).The mean area of TBSA was (11.93 ±15.87) %.The site of the burns was the highest in the workplace accounted for 50.3%.The flame burns accounted for 41.5%, which was the most.The site was treated with water and clothing accounted for 12.7% and 13.6%.The burned area was usual-ly on head and face, body, hands and forearms.Most of burn occurred in the workplace and mainly occurred in sum-mer, accounting for 30.6%, peaked in July.Burns occured mostly from 10: 00 to 12: 00. 10.4% (122/1 166) suffered with inhalation injury. The mean number of operations was(0.48±1.05) times.The mean hospitalization time was (23.55±27.71) days, and the mean hospitalization expenses was (42 554.14±87 877.00) RMB.There were no significant differences between the three groups (P>0.05). Conclusions The characteristics of adult burn in Fujian was mainly injured while working and because of flames which always caused hand burns.The reason of elderly burn pa-tients was flame burn at home with the characteristic of more than young adults.The government should take effective measures to keep occupational safety, strengthen the position of young worker safety education and also strengthen the elderly home security at the same time.Then it can reduce the incidence of burn.