吸烟后果期望与吸烟行为的关系:内隐社会认知的视角

目的:探讨外显吸烟后果期望、内隐吸烟后果期望与吸烟行为的关系。方法:采用吸烟后果期望问卷、内隐联结测验、计算广度任务和Fagerstrm耐性问卷测量了85名吸烟者。结果:积极外显后果期望与吸烟行为呈正相关(r=0.619,P<0.001),而消极外显后果期望、内隐后果期望与吸烟行为呈负相关(r=-0.442,P<0.001;r=-0.240,P=0.019)。外显后果期望和内隐后果期望与吸烟行为的关系都受到工作记忆容量的调节,但是却表现出截然不同的调节模式:工作记忆容量高的吸烟者的外显后果期望能够预测吸烟行为(外显积极后果期望:β=0.567,t=5.112,P=0.000;外显消极后果期望:β=-0.290,t=-2.184,P=0.032),而工作记忆容量低的吸烟者的内隐后果期望能够预测吸烟行为(β=-0.690,t=-5.688,P=0.000)。结论:吸烟行为受到外显后果期望和内隐后果期望的共同作用。

Relationship Between Smoking Outcome Expectancy and Smoking Behavior from Implicit Social Cognition Perspective

Objective: To explore the relationships between explicit smoking outcome expectancy,implicit smoking outcome expectancy and smoking behavior.Methods: 85 smokers were assessed by Smoking Consequences Questionnaire,Implicit Association Test,Computation Span Task and Fagerstrm Tolerance Questionnaire.Results: Explicit positive smoking outcome expectancy was positively related to smoking behavior(r=0.619,P<0.001).Smoking behavior was inversely related to explicit negative smoking outcome expectancy(r=-0.442,P<0.001) and implicit smoking outcome expectancy(r=-0.240,P=0.019).The multiple regression analysis showed working memory capacity moderated the relationship between explicit smoking outcome expectancy and smoking behavior and the relationship between implicit smoking outcome expectancy but in the opposite direction.That is,explicit smoking outcome expectancy can predict smoking behavior in smokers with higher levels of working memory capacity(β=0.567,t=5.112,P=0.000 for positive smoking outcome expectancy;β=-0.290,t=-2.184,P=0.032 for negative smoking outcome expectancy);but in smokers with lower levels of working memory capacity,implicit smoking outcome expectancy predicted smoking behavior(β=-0.690,t=-5.688,P=0.000).Conclusion: Both explicit smoking outcome expectancy and implicit smoking outcome expectancy play important roles in smoking behavior.