变应性鼻炎的流行病学调查

目的了解针织厂一线车间工人变应性鼻炎的流行病学特点。方法抽样选取51家针织厂1 280名一线工人作为观察组,同时选取可比性较好的首次进入城市打工的农村务工人员1280名作为对照组,进行问卷调查、体检及实验室检查。结果观察组1 280名一线工人中,检出患有变应性鼻炎者90例,发病率为7.03%;对照组1 280名首次进入城市的农村务工人员中,检出患有变应性鼻炎者15例,发病率为1.17%。观察组发病率明显高于对照组,其发病症状、体征评分亦高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。两组人员日工作时间及工作环境比较显示,观察组日工作8h以上人员多于对照组,且工作环境差于对照组,两组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。观察组发病率和从业时间关系显示,从业2年、6年、10年发病率出现显著增加。结论农村务工人员进入针织厂一线车间工作1年后变应性鼻炎发病率增加,且症状、体征较为严重。从业时间越长发病率越高,分别于工作2年、6年及10年后发病率出现高峰。这一现象的发生可能与务工者进入工厂后脱离原有的生活环境,在较为封闭、潮湿且人员密集的环境中较长时间接触纺织纤尘,且发病后未及时脱离工作环境有关。

Epidemiological Investigation of Allergic Rhinitis

Objective To understand the epidemiological features of allergic rhinitis of the workers in the first - line workshop in textile factory. Methods 1 280 workers in the first - line workshop were selected from 51 textile factories in the city as observation group. Meanwhile, 1280 countryside employees who worked in the city at the first time and were good in comparability were selected as control group. The questionnaire investigation, physical examination and laboratory examination were conducted. Results Of 1 280 workers in the first - line workshop in observation group,90 cases suffered from allergic rhinitis and the incidence was 7.03%. Of 1 280 countryside employees who worked in the city at the first time in control group, 15 cases suffered from allergic rhinitis and the incidence was 1.17%. The incidence of observation was higher remarkably than that of control group. The scores of the symptoms and physical signs in observation group were higher than those control group, indicating statistical significant difference （P 〈 0.01 ）. In the aspects of work time and work environment ,there were more workers working over 8h per day in observation group as compared with control group, and the work environment was poorer than that in control group, indicating statistical significant difference（P 〈0.01 ）. It was shown in the relationship between the incidence and employment time in observation group that the incidence increased significantly in the employment time of 2,6 ,and 10 years successively. Conclusion The incidence of allergic rhinitis for the countryside employees who worked in the first - line workshop in textile factory increased after working for 1 year,and the symptoms and physical signs were serious. The longer the employment time was, the higher the incidence was. The incidence peak appeared in 2,6, and 10 years of working successively ,which is probably related to long -time contact with textile fibrous dust in a close, humid and high - dense environment for the employees after leaving from their original life condition and not separating themselves from the work environment after suffering from the disease.