载重卡车和拖拉机振动参数的测量及对人体健康影响的研究

本研究对8种载重卡车、拖拉机驾驶员座位的振动进行测量,均超过ISO 2631—1985规定的暴露极限(E·L)界限值。特别是上海50型拖拉机、解放牌4吨翻斗车更为明显。对490名驾驶员进行了一般查体、心电图检查、视觉运动反应时测定和脊柱骨关节X线摄像,并与162名科室办公人员相对照。腰背痛主诉、血压偏高、心电图节律异常、视觉运动反应时减慢、胸腰椎增生性改变等均有较高的检出率,并随工龄的延长而增加。全身振动及其联合因素对人体健康的影响有必要进一步研究;我国全身振动的卫生标准及防治措施急待研制。

Measurements of Human Exposure to Whole-Body Vibration and it's Effects on the Health in the Vehicles

The vibration parameters in the tractordriverts for 8 types of tracks and tractorswere measured and analyzed so as to makehygienic evaluation. The whole-body vibrati-on level in all vehicles overran the "exposurelimit" recommended by ISO 2631-1985, espec-ially markel for the Shanghai type 50 tractorand Jiefang 4 T tip truck. Four hundred andninety drivers of the vehicles were checkedmedically, including electrocardiogram (ECG)visual-motion response time (VMRT) and sp-inal column X-ray examinations, and compared with control group of 162 office worke-rs. Results showed that back pain, hyperten-sion, abnormality of ECG rhythm, slownessof VMRT and hypertrophic change of the lu-mbar orpine were common findings in theredrivers. These changes increased with increaseof duration of the driver's job. It is neces-sary to study further for the effects of whosebody vibration and combined factors on hu-man health. It is necessary also to formulatethe criteria and controd method about whole-body vibration in the vehicles.