Surgery for the thymoma combined with pure red cell aplasia and myasthenia gravis

Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) and myasthenia gravis (MG) are respectively combined with thymoma, however, these 3 complications are extremely rare coexisted as a clinical triad. A 73-year-old female with mediastinal tumor found in 2000 was pointed out anemia in June 2002. As PRCA was diagnosed by the bone marrow examination, blood transfusion had been performed. By a chest computed tomography (CT), a thymoma in size of 7 x 5 cm in diameter was recognized in the anterior mediastinum. The serum level of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody was elevated to be 35 nmol/l. MG was simultaneously diagnosed with a decreased power of neck muscle. The extended thymectomy was performed in August 2002, and pathological diagnosis disclosed a 'type AB' by World Health Organization (WHO) classification. After the operation, the decreased power of neck muscle had been improved, however, PRCA had not been remitted in the early-postoperative term. Blood transfusion had been required (2-4 units/1-2 weeks) for the postoperative 7 months' term. A cyclosporin (250 mg/day) as an adjuvant therapy was administered in April 2003. One month later, the patient's serum level of Hb had been over 10 g/dl without blood transfusion. The patient has been followed up with reducing the dose of cyclosporin. Conclusions: Surgery for a thymoma combined with PRCA and MG was effective for MG but not for PRCA in an early-postoperative term, however, a multimodality therapy with immunosuppressant as a postoperative adjuvant should bring a favorable outcome to patient's clinical data, and the postoperative long-observation must be critical in this case.