一起诺如病毒感染性腹泻爆发的流行病学调查

目的分析深圳市某区一起诺如病毒感染性腹泻爆发的流行病学特征，为防治诺如病毒感染性腹泻提供科学依据。方法采用病例对照研究相关方法开展此次疫情调查，比较病例与对照之间不同危险因素的暴露比例，采用RT—PCR检测诺如病毒抗原。结果共报告46例诺如临床诊断病例。病例分布在该片区的3个单位，平均罹患率为12．64％。在危险因素的单因素分析中，只有A单位中饭前用自来水洗碗（0R=7．14．95％CI：1．83-27．88）、接触病人（OR=7．64，95％CI：1．33～43．76）结果具有统计学意义。在20份患者肛拭子样本中，有15份分离到诺如病毒。结论此宗诺如病毒感染性腹泻爆发可能是由于水污染和接触病人导致传播的。采取加强饮食卫生管理、隔离治疗病人及带菌者、整改清洁饮用水管道等措施后疫情中止。

Epidemiological Investigation of An Outbreak of Norovirus-induced Diarrhea

Objective This study was conducted to analyze the epidcmiological features of an outbreak of norovirus-induced diarrhea in a district of Shenzhen municipality and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of norovirus-induced diarrhea. Method Case-control study on the outbreak of norovirus-induced diarrhea was performed. Norovirus was detected by RT-PCR. Result 46 clinical cases of norovirus-induced diarrhea was identified. Cases were mainly found in 3 different companies. The average attack rate was 12.64%. In the single factor analysis, 2 risk factors were found to have significant differences between the control and the study group. The 2 risk factors were using tap water washing the bowl （0R=7.14,95%CI： 1.83-27.88）and close contact （OR-7.64, 95%CI： 1.33-43.76）. 20 fecal samples were collected and 15 fecal samples were found norovirus positive. Conclusion The outbreak of norovirusinduced diarrhea was probably due to the consumption of the contaminated water and close contact. In addition to general sanitation measures and treatment of patients, we cleaned pipeline and no new case was then found.