新生儿出生体重变化趋势及与分娩结局的关系

目的:分析新生儿出生体重变化趋势,探讨其与分娩结局的关系。方法:以海南某医院2005～2009年全部产科分娩病历为样本,分析新生儿体重变化及新生儿结局。结果:近5年新生儿出生体重平均值为(3 144.36 g±516.47)g,足月单胎出生体重平均值为(3 222.1 3 g±411.74)g,5年间不同年份相比较,出生体重平均值无统计学差异(F=1.321,P=0.26),5年低出生体重儿总数195例(8.1%),正常体重儿2 125例(87.8%),巨大胎儿99例(4.1%)。5年来低出生体重儿、正常体重儿、巨大胎儿的发生率保持平衡,无统计学差异(2χ=13.34,P=0.10)。低出生体重儿的1 m in窒息率与5 m in窒息率、新生儿死亡率均高于正常体重儿与巨大胎儿(2χ=26.45,P<0.05),正常体重儿与巨大胎儿之间1 m in窒息发生率无统计学差异(2χ=2.79,P=0.10),5 m in新生儿窒息发生率无统计学差异(2χ=2.39,P=0.15),新生儿死亡发生率无统计学差异(2χ=0.42,P=0.50)。结论:新生儿出生体重变化趋势平衡,低出生体重是导致新生儿窒息和死亡的主要危险因素。应着力于提高孕周,防止早产,提高新生儿存活率。

The change trend of birth weight of neonates and its relationship with delivery outcomes

Objective:To analyze the change trend of birth weight of neonates,explore its relationship with delivery outcomes.Methods:The total delivery medical records were selected as study objects from obstetric department in a hospital in Hainan from 2005 to 2009,the changes of neonatal weight and neonatal outcomes were analyzed.Results:The average birth weight of neonates in recent five years was(3 144.36±516.47) g,and the average birth weight of full-term neonates of single pregnancy was(3 222.13±411.74) g.There was no significant difference in average birth weight of neonates among different years(F=1.321,P=0.26).In recent five years,195 low birth weight infants(8.1%),2 125 normal birth weight infants(87.8%) and 99 macrosomia(4.1%) were born.The incidences of low birth weight infants,normal birth weight infants and macrosomia maintained balance in recent five years,there was no significant difference(χ2=13.34,P=0.10).The rates of neonatal asphyxia within 1 minute,5 minutes and neonatal mortality in low birth weight infants were significantly higher than those in normal birth weight infants and macrosomia(χ2=26.45,P<0.05),there was no significant difference in the rates of neonatal asphyxia within 1 minute,5 minutes and neonatal mortality between normal birth weight infants and macrosomia(χ2=2.79,P=0.10;χ2=2.39,P=0.15;χ2=0.42,P=0.50).Conclusion:The change trend of birth weight of neonates is balanced,low birth weight is a main risk factor of neonatal asphyxia and mortality.Prolonging gestational weeks and preventing premature delivery may increase the survival rate of neonates.