中国2012-2017年学生营养改善计划地区学校食堂建设及供餐状况

目的 分析"农村义务教育学生营养改善计划"启动后学校食堂及供餐状况变化,为提高学校食堂供餐成效提供基础数据.方法 2012-2017年,在"营养改善计划"覆盖的中国中西部22个省699个国家试点县中,每年按照食堂供餐、企业供餐和混合供餐3种模式,随机抽取不少于10％的小学和初中,采用问卷调查方法,收集学校食堂建设及食堂...

School canteen construction and canteen meal provision from 2012 to 2017 in schools under the National Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Eudcation Students

  Objective  To analyze changes of school canteen construction and canteen meal provision in surveilled schools after the initiation of the National Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Student (NNIPRCES), therefore to provide data basis for improving efficacy of school canteen meals.  Methods  From 2012 to 2017, among the 699 trial counties in 22 provinces under NNIPRCES, at least 10% of elementary schools and middle schools with each food supply model (canteen meals, enterprise meals, and family meals) were randomly selected in each county in each year. Questionnaire survey was conducted to collect school canteen construction and meal provision information. The sample size were around 8 000 to 11 000 schools every year.  Results  From 2012 to 2017, the proportion of schools that have canteens only, have both canteen and dining room, as well as those have canteen and dining room with tables and chairs significantly increased with years(χ2=3 043.95, 6 383.85, 6 731.17, P < 0.01). The proportion of schools having canteen increased from 59.5% in 2012 to 87.0% in 2017. The proportion of schools with canteen providing breakfast, lunch or dinner varied across years(χ2=51.85, 144.96, 189.19, P < 0.01). The varieties of food groups of three meals all significantly increased during 2012, 2014 and 2017(χ2=702.30, 892.38, 550.55, P < 0.01). The canteen construction indicators, proportion of canteens providing three meals, and food groups included in three meals all significantly differed between elementary schools and middle schools, also between schools of central area and western area(P < 0.05). The changing patterns with year were significantly different in elementary schools and middle schools, and in schools of central area and western area(P < 0.05).  Conclusion  After the implementation of NNIPRCES, canteen construction and food variety in canteen meals significantly improved during 2012 to 2017. However, there are still gaps between changes of canteen construction and canteen meal provision. It is necessary to overcome obstacles to further increase the proportion of schools with canteen offering meals and the variety of food of meals.