1975-2007年青海省藏系绵羊鼠疫流行病学分析

目的 分析青海省1975-2007年来藏系绵羊鼠疫流行特征,为预防和控制绵羊鼠疫提供科学依据.方法 对1975-2007年青海省鼠疫监测报告、人间鼠疫疫情病例等资料进行回顾性总结、分析.结果 1975-2007年从藏系绵羊体内共分离出鼠疫菌14株,其中玉树县分离出10株,囊谦县2株,治多县和德令哈市各1株;1975年和1979年分离鼠疫菌各2株,1996-2007年共分离10株.由藏系绵羊作为传染源引起人间鼠疫10起,鼠疫病例25例,死亡13例,其中玉树县、玛多县、囊谦县、杂多县、玛沁县分别发生3、2、2、2、1起,发病人数分别为6、6、8、4、1人,死亡人数分别为4、4、1、4、0人,其他县(市)无病例报告;其中腺鼠疫9例,肺鼠疫6例,败血型鼠疫3例,肠鼠疫1例,其他继发性鼠疫病例为6例.在25例病例中,1例为汉族农民外,其他24例均为藏族牧民,感染方式中为剥、食病死于鼠疫的绵羊20例,接触病人5例.发病季节为6-11月份,其中11月份发病11例.结论 从1996年开始,绵羊鼠疫流行与旱獭鼠疫一致,呈明显的上升趋势,局部地区牧场出现鼠疫爆发流行.近10年来虽然没有藏系绵羊引起人间鼠疫,但绵羊间鼠疫波及人间的可能性仍然存在.因此,及时、有效的处理和控制旱獭鼠疫,普遍提高牧民群众防病意识和自我保健能力是预防绵羊和人间鼠疫发生的关键.

Epidemiologic analysis on Tibetan sheep plague from 1975 to 2005 in Qinghai Province

Objective To analyze the epidemiologic feature of Tibetan sheep plague from 1975 to 2007 in Qinghai Province to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control. Methods This study retrospectively summarized and analyzed the outcome of the surveillance on the plague prevalence and human plague profile from 1975 to 2007 in Qinghai Province. Results During 1975 - 2007, 14 strains of Yersinia pestis was isolated in Tibetan sheep, 10 from Yushu County, 2 from Nangqian County, 1 from Zhiduo County and 1 from Delingha City; In 1975 and in 1979, 4 strains of Yersinia pestis was isolated, 1996-2007 a total of 10; Tibetan sheep as a source of infection caused 10 times of human plague and 25 cases of plague, 13 died, with the incidence of 3,2,2,2 and 1 distributing in Yushu, Maduo, Nangqian, Zaduo and Maqin County, respectively, the case numbers of 6,6,8,4,1 respectively, and death toll 4,4,1,4,0. No plague cases were found in other counties(cities). Clinically, these 25 cases were known as 9 cases of glandular plague, 6 cases of pneumonic plague, 3 cases of septicemia plague, 1 cases of intestinal plague and 6 cases of secondary plague cases. In the 25 cases, 24 were Tibetan nomads except for 1 Han Chinese farmer, 20 of whom infected due to having peeled the skin or ate meat of sheep died of plague, 5 cases had contacted with patients with the disease. The months from June to November was the period of high incidence, with 11 cases of morbidity in November. Conclusions Since 1996, Tibetan sheep plague has begun to prevail consistently along with Marmota baibacina plague, with outburst seen in ranches in some regions. Over the past 10 years, it has not caused human plague, but its possibility of spreading to human remains. Therefore, timely and effective treatment and control of Marmota plague, as well as the increase of the awareness in Herdsmen of prevention and self-protection is a key to prevent the spread of the plague from sheep to human.