株洲市山丘型血吸虫病疫区成因及防治对策效果分析

目的初步探明株洲市山丘型血吸虫病疫区成因及防治对策效果,为制定控制血吸虫病疫区扩散的对策提供科学依据。方法调查自然环境是否适宜钉螺孳生;常规法查螺查病评估血吸虫病疫区的防治效果;调查血吸虫病疫区流动人群、家畜及物流等。结果在疫区农贸市场活鱼虾中查获活钉螺16个;经常有病人和病畜进入疫区,流动人群中血吸虫病阳性率为15.76%;在株洲市范围内各县(市)、区自然环境均适合钉螺生长;居民血吸虫病感染率由1998年的17.97%下降到2005年的1.89%(U=26.06,P<0.001)。家畜感染率由13.45%下降到3.75%(U=20.26,P<0.05);活螺平均密度由1998年的2.19只/0.11 m2下降到2005年的0.12只/0.11 m2,钉螺阳性率下降了85.7%。结论株洲市血吸虫病经过几年来的防治取得了明显效果,但尚未达到传播阻断标准,仍有向周边扩散的可能,因株洲市血吸虫病流行区和非流行区自然环境和居民生产生活习惯相似。疫区成因,钉螺夹带输入可能性较大,传染源可能与进入本地的病人、病畜相关。

Contributing Factor and Effectiveness of Control Strategy for Hilly - type Schistosomiasis Epidemic in Zhuzhou City

Objective To probe the contributing factors and effectiveness of control strategy for hilly-type schistosomiasis epidemic in Zhuzhou City,and provide a scientific basis for prevention of the disease from spreading. Methods To investigate the natural environment and find whether it is favorable for multiplication of snails;to assess the effectiveness of control strategy by snail and case survey which is frequently adopted in conventional method;to investigate the population,livestock and material in and out of the epidemic area. Results On the fair of epidemic area,16 alive snails were tracked within the living fish and shrimps;there was frequent entry of schistosomiasis patients and sick livestock into the epidemic area,and the positive rate of schistosomiasis in flowing population was 15.76%;the infection rate in residents had been lowered from(17.97%) in 1998 to 1.89% in 2005(U=26.06,P<0.001).The infection rate in domestic animals lowered from 13.45% to(3.75%)(U=20.26,P<0.05);the mean density of living snail reduced from 2.19/0.11m~2 to 0.12/0.11 m~2,with a decrease of 85.7% in infected snail rate.Conclusions Great achievement has been attained in schistosomiasis control in Zhuzhou City in recent years,yet there is still a distance from the standard of transmission intervention;the epidemic is likely to be spread around,since the natural environment and living habit of residents are quite similar between epidemic and non-epidemic area in Zhuzhou City.The contributing factors of epidemic are mostly due to snails stuck on materials during transportation.The contagious sources are likely to relate with patients and sick livestock entering in the area.