HLA基因位点全相合和1～2个位点不合无血缘关系异基因骨髓移植的临床疗效比较

目的　比较HLA基因位点全相合与HLA 1～ 2个基因位点不合无血缘关系供者异基因骨髓移植 (URD BMT)的临床疗效。方法　病例包括急性白血病 2 2例 ,慢性髓系白血病慢性期 32例 ,骨髓增生异常综合征 (MDS) 6例。其中HLA基因位点全相合URD BMT 39例 ,1～ 2个位点不合URD BMT 2 1例。预处理方案均为Bu Cy2方案 ,急性移植物抗宿主病 (aGVHD)预防方案均为霉酚酸酯(MMF)、环孢菌素A(CsA)加甲氨蝶呤 (MTX)联合方案。结果　HLA基因位点全相合组造血重建 38例 ,中位随访时间 11(2 .5～ 5 2 .0 )个月 ,3年无病生存率 (79.2± 7.1) % ,HLA 1～ 2个位点不合组造血重建18例 ,中位随访时间 9(2～ 4 6 )个月 ,3年无病生存率 (45 .8± 15 .5 ) % (P <0 .0 5 )。Ⅱ～Ⅳ度aGVHD发生情况 :HLA基因位点全相合组 10例 (2 6 .3% ) ,HLA 1～ 2个基因位点不合组 6例 (33.3% ) (P >0 0 5 )。结论　URD BMT是治疗白血病和MDS的有效方法 ,HLA基因学配型技术可提高URD BMT的疗效。

A comparison of clinical outcomes between HLA allele matched and 1～2 alleles mismatched unrelated allogeneic bone marrow transplantations

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical outcomes between HLA allele matched (HLA-M) and 1 approximately 2 alleles disparity mismatched (HLA-mis) unrelated allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (URD-BMT). METHODS: Thirty-nine patients received HLA-M and 21 received HLA-mis URD-BMT for the treatment of acute leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CP) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in our hospital between November 1998 and December 2002. Conditioning regimen was Bu 16 mg/kg plus CTX 120 mg/kg, and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), CsA and MTX were given to prevent aGVHD. RESULTS: Thirty-eight of the HLA-M group and 18 of the HLA-mis group were engrafted successfully. The median follow-up duration was 11 (2.5 - 52.0) months for HLA-M group and 9 (2 - 46) months for HLA-mis group. The 3-year probabilities of disease-free survival (DFS) for HLA-M and HLA-mis group were (79.2 +/- 7.1)% and (45.8 +/- 15.5)%, respectively (P < 0.05). Grade II - IV aGVHD occurred in 10 (26.3%) patients in HLA-M group and 6 (33.3%) in HLA-mis group, respectively (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: URD-BMT is an effective modality for the treatment of leukemia and MDS. The outcome after URD-BMT can be optimized by matching the HLA-A, B and DR alleles between the donor and recipient.