冀北坝上及接坝地区慢性咳嗽患儿的流行病学调查

目的 了解冀北坝上及接坝地区慢性咳嗽患儿的流行病学状况.方法 选用统一的流行病学调查表,从2015年9月到2016年9月,随机抽取冀北坝上及接坝地区2~12岁儿童2000例,以发放父母调查问卷的方法进行,对比不同地区儿童慢性咳嗽分布情况,并对影响儿童慢性咳嗽的相关因素进行多因素Logistic回归分析.结果 坝下城区儿童慢性咳嗽发病率为8.45%(93/1100),明显高于坝上地区的4.78%(24/502),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);坝下城区感染性咳嗽、鼻后滴流综合征人数占比分别为1.55%(17/1100)、1.36%(15/1100),均明显低于坝上地区组的5.58%(28/502)、4.78%(24/502),而敏感性疾患者数占比为2.73%(30/1100),明显高于坝上地区组的0.60%(3/502),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).接触过粉尘化工材料、有过敏症状史、有鼻部疾病及哮喘儿童的慢性咳嗽发生率分别为22.50%(27/120)、14.04%(33/235)、14.11%(57/404)、28.71%(29/101),均明显高于无接触粉尘化工材料、无过敏症状史、无鼻部疾病及哮喘儿童的6.07%(90/1482)、6.14%(84/1367)、5.01%(60/1198)、5.86%(88/1501),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05).经多因素Logistic回归分析显示,接触过粉尘化工材料、有过敏症状史、有鼻部疾病及哮喘均为影响儿童慢性咳嗽的危险因素(P<0.05).结论 冀北坝上及接坝地区儿童慢性咳嗽主要多发于坝下城区,而坝下城区儿童主要病因为过敏性疾病,而坝上地区儿童的主要病因为感染以及鼻后滴流综合征.其中接触过粉尘化工材料、有过敏症状史、有鼻部疾病和哮喘均是儿童慢性咳嗽的高危因素.

Epidemiological analysis of chronic cough in children in Area of Upper and Neighboring Dam in northern Hebei Provice

Objective To understand the epidemiological status of chronic cough in children in the Area of Up-per and Neighboring Dam of northen Hebei Province. Methods Unified epidemiological questionnaires were distribut-ed to parents of 2000 children aged 2~12 who were randomly chosen in the Area of Upper and Neighboring Dam in northen Hebei Province from September 2015 to September 2016 to compare the different regional distribution and relat-ed influential factors of chronic cough among children by multi-factor Logistic regression analysis. Results The inci-dence of chronic cough among children in Lower Dam Area was 8.45%(93/1100), significantly higher than 4.78%(24/502) in Upper Dam Area, showing the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The children with infectious cough and postnasal drip syndrome in Lower Dam Area accounted for 1.55%(17/1100 ) and 1.36%(15/1100), signifi-cantly lower than 5.58% (28/502) and 4.78% (24/502) in Upper Dam Area. The children with sensitive disease in the Lower Dam Area accounted for 2.73%(30/1100), significantly higher than 0.60%(3/502) in Upper Dam Area, showing the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The incidences of chronic cough in the children with exposure to dust chemical materials, the history of allergies, nasal disease and asthma were 22.50% (27/120), 14.04% (33/235), 14.11% (57/404), 28.71% (29/101), significantly higher than 6.07% (90/1482), 6.14% (84/1367), 5.01% (60/1198), 5.86%(88/1501) in the children without them, showing the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The multi-factor Logistic regression analysis showed that exposure to dust chemical materials, the history of allergies, nasal disease and asthma were risk factors for chronic cough in children (P<0.05). Conclusion There was higher incidence of chronic cough among children of Lower Dam Area in Upper and Neighboring Area in northern Hebei Provice, which was mainly caused by allergic disease. Infection and postnasal drip syndrome were the main diesease cause for children in Upper Dam Area. The exposure of dust chemical materials, history of allergies, nasal disease and asthma are the risk factors for children with chronic cough.