应用弥散张量成像评价支气管肺发育不良早产儿脑白质发育的研究

目的 应用磁共振弥散张量成像（DTI）的各项异性分数（FA）和表观弥散系数（ADC）评价支气管肺发育不良（BPD）早产儿的脑白质发育。方法 以2016年8月至2019年4月生后24 h内收住NICU的出生胎龄≤32周、出生体重<1 500 g，且出院前完成头颅MRI及DTI检查的96例早产儿为研究对象。根据出院诊断分为BPD组（n=48）和非BPD组（n=48），比较两组DTI相同感兴趣区的FA值和ADC值。结果 两组早产儿脑室周围-脑室内出血、脑室周围白质软化、局灶性脑白质损伤等发生率差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。BPD组早产儿内囊后肢、胼胝体压部、枕叶白质、小脑、大脑脚的FA值低于非BPD组（P < 0.05），各ADC值高于非BPD组（P < 0.05）。与非BPD组相比，BPD组早产儿呼吸暂停次数更多、肺炎发生率和机械通气比例更高、辅助通气时间更长（P < 0.05）。结论 BPD对早产儿脑白质发育具有潜在影响，可导致脑白质发育延迟，因此，需关注该类患儿的神经功能。

An assessment of white matter development in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia using diffusion tensor imaging

Objective To assess white matter development in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) using fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods Ninety-six infants with a gestational age of ≤ 32 weeks and a birth weight of < 1 500 g who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit within 24 hours after birth from August 2016 to April 2019 and underwent head MRI and DTI before discharge were enrolled. According to the discharge diagnosis, they were divided into BPD group with 48 infants and non-BPD group with 48 infants. The two groups were compared in terms of FA and ADC values of the same regions of interest on DTI image. Results There were no significant differences in the incidence rates of periventricular/intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, and punctate white matter lesions between the two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the non-BPD group, the BPD group had significantly lower FA values and significantly higher ADC values of the posterior limb of the internal capsule, the splenium of the corpus callosum, the occipital white matter, the cerebellum, and the cerebral peduncle (P < 0.05). Compared with the non-BPD group, the BPD group had a significantly higher frequency of apnea, a significantly higher proportion of infants with pneumonia or mechanical ventilation, and a significantly longer duration of assisted ventilation (P < 0.05). Conclusions BPD may has potential adverse effects to white matter development in preterm infants, leading to delayed white matter development. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the neurological function of these infants.