光学相干断层成像评价药物洗脱支架与金属裸支架治疗后的内膜增殖

目的应用光学相干断层成像(OCT)技术比较冠状动脉内雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架(DES)和金属裸支架(BMS)治疗后内膜增殖情况。方法对19例冠心病经冠状动脉内支架置入治疗后5~93个月的患者进行冠状动脉造影复查,造影后对21支血管23个支架进行OCT成像检查。DES术后6~10个月为药物支架A组;BMS术后5~10个月为金属裸支架B组;BMS术后23~93个月为金属裸支架C组。应用OCT成像技术比较3组支架之间内膜增殖情况。结果OCT成像结果显示3组之间有关支架后最大内膜增殖厚度、血管腔直径和截面积丢失及直径和截面积再狭窄等方面差异有统计学意义。其中A组内膜最大增殖厚度明显小于B组(0·20mm±0·13mmvs0·81mm±0·46mm,P=0·019)和C组(0·91mm±0·27mm,P=0·007);A组血管腔直径丢失明显小于B组(0·27mm±0·17mmvs1·12mm±0·79mm,P=0·009)和C组(1·20mm±0·31mmP=0·013);A组直径再狭窄明显小于B组(8%±4%vs36%±24%,P=0·009)和C组(35%±6%,P=0·017);A组截面积丢失明显小于B组(1·14mm2±0·9mm2vs3·96mm2±2·62mm,P=0·009)和C组(4·66mm2±1·66mm2,P=0·006);A组截面积再狭窄明显小于B组(P=0·017)和C组(P=0·009)。置入的13个BMS支架,几乎所有支架支撑杆表面均有内膜覆盖,而置入DES后内膜增殖较少,部分支架支撑杆表面即使在支架术后29个月仍然没有内膜覆盖。结论OCT成像技术可清晰地显示支架支撑杆及表面内膜增殖情况,对评价药物洗脱支架的治疗效果具有重要意义。

Visualization of intimal proliferation of drug-eluting stent and bare mental stent by use of optical coherence tomography

OBJECTIVE: To compare neointimal proliferation of drug-eluting stent (DES) with bare mental stent (BMS) by optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS: OCT images were obtained in 21 diseased coronary vessels with 23 stents in 19 patients with coronary artery disease at 5 - 93 months post DES or BMS stents. Twenty-two stents of all 23 stents were divided into three groups. Nine DES stents at 6 - 10 months post stenting were considered as group A, 8 BMS stents at 5 - 10 months post stenting as group B, and 5 BMS stents at 23 - 93 months post stenting as group C. OCT images were quantitatively analyzed to compare neointimal proliferation of three groups after stenting. RESULTS: All 21 vessels and 23 stents OCT images were successfully acquired. The maximal neointima, luminal loss in diameter and cross sectional area (CSA), and restenosis in diameter and CSA were significantly statistically different within three groups. The maximal intimal proliferations post stenting in group A were significantly lower than group B (0.20 mm +/- 0.13 mm vs 0.81 mm +/- 0.46 mm, P = 0.019) or group C (0.91 mm +/- 0.27 mm, P = 0.007), luminal loss of diameter in group A were significantly lower than group B (0.27 mm +/- 0.17 mm vs 1.12 mm +/- 0.79 mm, P = 0.009) or group C (1.20 mm +/- 0.31 mm, P = 0.013), restenosis rates in diameter in group A were significantly less than group B (8.90% +/- 4.47% vs 36.36% +/- 24.34%, P = 0.009) or group C (35.48 +/- 6.09, P = 0.017), luminal loss in CSA in group A were lower than group B (1.14 mm(2) +/- 0.9 mm(2) vs 3.96 mm(2) +/- 2.62 mm(2), P = 0.009) or group C (4.66 mm(2) +/- 1.66 mm(2), P = 0.006), and restenosis rates in CSA in group A were less than group B (15.43% +/- 7.89% vs 48.14% +/- 30.43%, P = 0.017) or group C (55.20% +/- 11.24%, P = 0.009). Almost all surfaces of 13 BMS stent struts were covered by significant neointimal coverage, surfaces of 10 DES struts were less significantly neointimal coverage, and some surfaces of DES struts were uncovered with neointima even at 29 months post stenting. CONCLUSION: OCT imaging can clearly visualize stent struts and neointimal formation of strut surfaces post DES or BMS stenting, and this new imaging modality will play important role in evaluating the efficacy of drug-eluting stent.