陕西省农村沼气建设及其综合利用卫生效果与健康需求调查研究

目的了解农户沼气综合利用知识和相关卫生知识、态度、行为,沼气综合利用对农户卫生状况、健康状况的影响及相关信息来源、需求。方法采用专题小组访谈的定性方法,对骨干人群、乡村医生进行访谈。运用现场观察和随机抽样问卷调查的定量方法对农户进行调查。同时在每县采集样本,进行虫卵实验室检测。结果已建沼气的农户卫生状况和健康状况显著好于未建的农户(P<0.05);沼气相关知识知晓率和对沼气的认可态度持有率显著好于未建的农户(P<0.05);已建户和未建户沼气综合利用知识仅限于沼气做饭、沼液种植、沼渣施肥,其余用途知晓率较低(均不足45%);被调查对象对健康相关知识需求不高;农户相关信息主要获得途径为电视、广播等大众传媒、传单等健康教育宣传品和同伴宣传;除了希望从上述途径获得信息外,还希望从讲座、健康教育课等途径获得。结论农村沼气综合利用能够有效改善农村卫生条件和农户健康状况,节约能源、增加收入;以全国亿万农民健康促进行动为平台,加强多部门合作,利用各种群众喜闻乐见、易接受的传播途径,普及沼气相关知识和健康相关知识收到满意效果。

Survey on the sanitary effects and health demands of bio-gas construction and comprehensive utilization in Shanxi Province

Objective To understand the knowledge,attitude,behaviors ralated bio-gas of farmers,and the impacts of bio-gas comprehensive utilization on sanitary and health status of farmers,and the sources and demands of relative information.Methods To interview village leaders and rural doctors by focus group discussion.To investigate farmers by spot observation and random sampling methods.And to collect samples in every county,then examine eggs of parasites in laboratory.Results The sanitary and health status of bio-gas users was better than those of non-bio-gas users significantly(P<0.05).Bio-gas related knowledge and approval attitudes of bio-gas users was better than those of non-bio-gas users remarkably(P<0.05).The peasants' knowledge about bio-gas comprehensive construction was limited within cooking by bio-gas,planting by liquid in bio-gas pit,fertilizing by solid in bio-gas pit,while other usages were known little(less than 45%).The farmers' health demands were not quite high.Peasants gained related information mainly through TV programs,broadcast,leaflet and peer propaganda.Besides the above approaches,peasants expected to get health knowledge through lectures and education class.Conclusion Bio-gas comprehensive utilization could improve sanitary conditions and farmers' health status effectively,economize energy sources,increase income.We should take the National Health Promotion Project for Hundreds of Million Chinese Farmers as flat,enhance multi-departments collaboration,utilize communicate channels which public favored and easy to accept,popularize bio-gas and health related knowledge.