独蒜兰乙酸乙酯萃取物通过内源性线粒体通路诱导白血病K562细胞和HL-60细胞凋亡

目的:探讨独蒜兰乙酸乙酯萃取物对人慢性粒细胞白血病K562细胞和急性髓性白血病HL-60细胞增殖及凋亡的影响以及诱导凋亡的途径。方法:采用XTT法、台盼蓝拒染法、Annexin V-FITC/PI双染法、PI染色法、4',6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚(DAPI)染色和Western blot法研究不同浓度独蒜兰乙酸乙酯萃取物对上述2种白血病细胞增殖、凋亡、细胞周期和凋亡相关蛋白表达等方面的影响。结果:独蒜兰正丁醇萃取物对K562细胞活力几乎没有抑制作用,而乙酸乙酯萃取物能显著抑制K562和HL-60细胞的活力和增殖。乙酸乙酯萃取物对于HL-60细胞作用24 h的半数抑制浓度(IC_(50))为(42.14±2.54)mg/L,对于K562细胞的IC_(50)为(51.28±3.12)mg/L。Annexin V-FITC/PI和DAPI染色结果显示,乙酸乙酯萃取物呈剂量依赖性诱导2种细胞凋亡,且50 mg/L的乙酸乙酯萃取物作用后K562细胞的凋亡率为33.1%,而HL-60细胞的凋亡率为63.1%,说明HL-60细胞对乙酸乙酯萃取物更加敏感,伴有典型的细胞核凋亡形态学改变。PI染色结果显示HL-60细胞和K562细胞都被阻滞于G_2期。Western blot结果显示,随着药物浓度的升高,细胞凋亡抑制蛋白Bcl-2的表达降低,而促凋亡蛋白Bax、cleaved caspase-3和活化的多腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶的表达逐渐升高,内源性线粒体凋亡的特征胞浆中细胞色素C和凋亡诱导因子表达也逐渐升高。结论:独蒜兰乙酸乙酯萃取物能显著抑制K562和HL-60细胞增殖,并通过触发内源性线粒体凋亡通路诱导这2种细胞凋亡。

Ethyl acetate extract of Pleione bulbocodioides (Franch.) Rolfe induces apoptosis of human leukemia K562 and HL-60 cells through intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis pathway

AIM:To investigate the effects of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract of Pleione bulbocodioides (Franch.) Rolfe on proliferation and apoptosis of human leukemia K562 and HL-60 cells and the possible apoptosis pathway. METHODS:Human leukemia cell lines were treated with EtOAc extract of Pleione bulbocodioides at different concentrations. XTT method was used to evaluate the viability of K562 cells and HL-60 cells. The cell growth inhibition was calculated by Trypan blue exclusion test. The percentage of apoptotic cells was determined by flow cytometry, and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) was used to observe morphological changes of the cells. The cell cycle was observed by propidium iodide (PI) staining. The protein expression of Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), cleaved caspase-3, cytochrome C and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) wase determined by Western blot. RESULTS:The cell viability and proliferation were inhibited by EtOAc extract of Pleione bulbocodioides with IC₅₀ of (42.14±2.54) mg/L for HL-60 cells and (51.28±3.12) mg/L for K562 cells at 24 h. The results of Annexin V-FITC/PI and DAPI staining showed that EtOAc extract of Pleione bulbocodioides induced cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. The apoptotic rate was increased compared with control group (P<0.05). The G₂ phase increased with typical cell apoptosis-induced morphological changes. The levels of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase-3 were increased, while Bcl-2 was down-regulated (P<0.05). Cytochrome C and AIF in cytosol, characteristic proteins of intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, also increased with the concentration of EtOAc extract of Pleione bulbocodioides increasing (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:EtOAc extract of Pleione bulbocodioides significantly inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis in human leukemia cell lines HL-60 and K562 through intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.