中药干预肠道菌群改善肠黏膜屏障功能的研究进展

肠黏膜屏障是指肠黏膜阻止肠腔内有害物质如致病微生物、多种生物大分子和抗原进入血液循环而形成的屏障,以维护人体健康。正常菌群在人体某一特定部位黏附、定植和繁殖,形成一层"菌膜屏障",能够抵抗外源微生物定植,对机体组织免受外来病原菌的侵袭具有重要作用。肠黏膜在休克、缺血、胰腺炎等情况下,其通透性增高引起细菌和内毒素移位、促炎因子释放,加重原发疾病的发生,激发炎症反应,引发胰岛素抵抗、中枢神经系统损伤,甚至诱发多脏器功能衰竭等。中药在治疗肠黏膜屏障功能紊乱疾病方面具有明确的优势,但中药药效成分大多生物利用度低,中药经口服后可先与肠道菌群接触并发生相互作用,进而调节人体相关机能。从肠黏膜机械屏障、免疫屏障、微生物屏障及化学屏障4个角度,系统总结了中药通过调控肠道菌群改善肠黏膜屏障的作用,以期对中药调控肠道菌群治疗肠黏膜屏障功能紊乱相关疾病的研究提供一定线索。

Research progress on Chinese materia medica intervening intestinal flora to improve intestinal mucosal barrier function

Intestinal mucosal barrier can prevent harmful substances in the intestinal cavity, such as pathogenic microorganisms, biological macromolecules, and antigens into the blood circulation to maintain human health. The adhesion, colonization, and reproduction of normal microbiota in a particular part of the human body can form a layer of "membrane barrier" which is an important defense against the colonization of foreign microorganisms and plays an important role in protecting the body tissue from the invasion of foreign pathogens. Under certain circumstances, such as shock, ischemia, and pancreatitis, the increase in the permeability of intestinal mucosa further leads to intestinal bacterial and endotoxin translocation and release of a large number of proinflammatory cytokines. Therefore, aggravating the primary disease can trigger systemic inflammatory response, insulin resistance, central nervous system damage, and even induce multiple organ failure. Chinese materia medica (CMM) has a clear advantage in the treatment of disorders of intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction, but most of its effective composition have low bioavailability. After oral administration, CMM can contact with intestinal flora and interact with each other to regulate body-related functions. This article summarizes the effect of CMM on intestinal mucosal barrier through regulating intestinal flora from four aspects which are mechanical barrier, immune barrier, microbial barrier, and chemical barrier of intestinal mucosa, in order to provide references for the research on the regulation of gut microbiota by CMM in the treatment of intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction-related diseases.