山苦菜化学成分及药理作用的研究进展

山苦菜具有清热解毒、活血化瘀、镇痛抗炎等功效,用于治疗肺热咳嗽、阑尾炎、跌打损伤等。通过查阅国内外报道的相关文献,发现迄今为止从山苦菜中已分离得到近百种化合物,其中以愈创木内酯型倍半萜类化合物为主,并从山苦菜全草中分离出多种全新的愈创木内酯型倍半萜类化合物:8-epicrepioside,ixerochinolide,ixerochinoside,chinensiolides A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K,L,此外,还有黄酮类、三萜类和甾醇类化合物等。现代药理研究证明山苦菜及山苦菜的化学成分具有抗炎保肝,抗氧化,抗烟碱,抗病毒、抗白血病等作用,其中黄酮类成分具有很强的药理活性。另外,山苦菜作为民间药材,多以复方药物治疗疾病,并申报多项专利,在食品饮料、保健茶、复合饲草猪饲料等方面也申报了专利。为了合理利用我国的药用资源,笔者将近年来有关山苦菜的化学成分、药理作用及开发利用等方面的相关研究进行系统全面的总结,希望对山苦菜的深入研究及新药开发提供参考。

Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of Ixeris chinensis

Ixeris chinensis has efficacies of detoxification, blood circulation, anti-inflammatory and analgesia in the treatment of hyperactivity cough, appendicitis, bruises embolism.According to relevant domestic and foreign literatures, nearly 100 compounds were isolated from I. chinensis, with guaiac sesquiterpene lactone compounds as the dominance;and a variety of new guaiac sesquiterpene lactone compounds were separated from I. chinensis all the grass:8-epicrepioside, ixerochinolide, ixerochinoside, chinensiolides A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, as well as flavonoids, triterpenes and sterols. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that I. chinensis has anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-nicotine, anti-viral, anti-leukemia effects;in particularly, flavonoids have a strong pharmacological activity. Furthermore, I. chinensis, as a folk medicine, were mostly used in compounds and can be found in many patents for food and beverage, healthcare tea andcomposite pig feed. For the purpose of the rational use of medicinal resources, the relevant studies on the chemical composition of I. chinensis, pharmacological effects, development and application in recent years were summarized, in order to provide a reference for further studies and development of new drugs of I. chinensis.