Harnwegsinfektionen nach Nierentransplantation

Febrile urinary tract infections after renal transplantation (transplant pyelonephritis) are a relevant clinical problem. They cause significant morbidity and even urosepsis and are usually associated with acute graft dysfunction. Risk factors include baseline immunosuppression, anatomical and functional factors (vesicoureteric reflux into the kidney graft, bladder dysfunction), underlying diagnosis, urinary tract surgery before transplantation as well as gender (increased incidence in girls). Meticulous diagnosis and treatment are important to minimize compromise of long-term graft function. Future prospective studies are warranted to increase the knowledge of risk factors and acute and chronic graft dysfunction. This will ultimately lead to improved prophylactic and therapeutic measures and further optimization of long-term renal graft survival.