mTOR抑制剂在乳腺癌内分泌治疗耐药中的研究进展

PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号转导通路可抑制肿瘤细胞凋亡、促进细胞生存、调节细胞周期，促进肿瘤新生血管的形成以及侵袭与转移，在肿瘤的发生、发展、治疗及转归中发挥着重要作用。该信号通路与乳腺癌关系非常密切，是乳腺癌新的治疗靶点及研究热点。mTOR抑制剂通过不同的靶点作用于PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号转导通路上，从而达到其抗癌作用。内分泌治疗是乳腺癌的重要治疗方式之一，与化疗等其他治疗方式一样，内分泌治疗同样也面临治疗耐受这一难题。随着越来越多的信号通路被揭示，单一阻断某一位点已经不能满足治疗的需要，寻找多条通路的共同抑制位点成为研究人员关注的焦点。本文就mTOR抑制剂在乳腺癌内分泌治疗耐药中的作用及其临床试验结果进行综述，以期进一步了解mTOR抑制剂的临床作用。 

Development of mTOR inhibitor in endocrine therapy-resistant breast cancer

The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is involved in inhibiting the apoptosis of tumor cells, promoting cell survival, and regulating cell cycle, as well as in the angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis of tumors. Therefore, this pathway has an important function in tumorigenesis, tumor growth, prognosis, and treatment. So the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway as a new therapeutic target and has been highlighted in breast cancer research. Pre-clinical studies have confirmed that mTOR inhibitors achieve anticancer effects by targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Endocrine therapy is the primary method in breast cancer treatment. However, this therapy has instances of drug resistance because chemotherapy and other treatments are administered to patients. Only blocking one site point does not meet the treatment needs because more signaling pathways have been identified. Identifying a common inhibitory site for multiple pathways has become the focus of research. The mTOR inhibitor is the crossing point of multiple signaling pathways and has attracted extensive attention in this subject.