天津市2014年0~14岁儿童院内报告伤害流行特征分析

目的 了解天津市院内报告0~14岁儿童伤害监测病例的发生现状及其三间分布特征。方法 数据来源于覆盖天津市各级医疗卫生机构的发病监测体系，收集2014年1~12月全市241家哨点医院报告的首次伤害就诊病例资料。结果 0~14岁儿童伤害病例共报告34 297例，发生率为2 710.06/10万，男童发生率为3 319.66/10万，女童发生率为2 032.29/10万（χ2=1 983.329，P<0.001）。0~岁组发生率为2 613.42/10万，5~岁发生率为2 780.43/10万，10~14岁发生率为2 757.61/10万（χ2=28.242，P<0.001）。伤害发生地点最多为家中（占47.92%）。累及部位最多为头面部（9 787例，占28.5%），其次为腕和手（8 009例，占23.4%）。76.3%为轻度伤害。在24种伤害原因中排在前5位的依次是:跌倒（42.44%）、动物伤（20.63%）、非机动车交通事故与机动车交通事故合计（9.16%）、砸伤（5.58%）、钝器伤（4.06%）。伤害发生以5月份（10.05%）和9月份（9.90%）最多；按季度来看为第二季度最高（29.23%），且不同伤害类型在一年中的分布不同。结论 儿童伤害男童较女童发生率高，跌倒、动物伤、交通事故发生数量最高，5~岁发生率最高，5月和9月高发，应特别加强这方面的宣传教育和干预，多部门参与提高全社会安全意识。

The epidemiological features of injury reported by hospital 0-14 children in Tianjin 2014

Objective To understand the current situation and epidemiological features of children injury aged 0-14 reported by hospital in Tianjin. Methods Data was collected from the Injury Case Surveillance System which covered all over Tianjin. Data on the first cases of injuries reported by 241 sentinel hospitals from January to December 2014 was collected. Results A total of 34 297 cases of injuries were reported among children aged from 0-14 years old. The incidence rate was 2 710.06(/100 000). The incidence rate of male was 3 319.66(/100 000) and female was 2 032.29(/100 000)(χ2=1 983.329, P<0.001). The incidence rate of 0-years was 2 613.42(/100 000),5-years was 2 780.43(/100 000), 10-14 years was 2 757.61(/100 000) (χ2=28.242, P<0.001). Injuries occured most at home (47.92%), the most injury part was head & face (9 787, 28.5%), followed by wrist & hands (8 009, 23.4%). 76.3% was mild injury. Among the 24 injuries, the top five were:fall down 42.44% (incidence rate 1 150.10/100 000), animal injury 20.63% (incidence rate 559.13/100 000), traffic injury including non-motor vehicle and motor vehicle 9.16%, crushing 5.58% (incidence 151.24/100 000), blunt force injury 4.06% (incidence rate 109.99/100 000). The injuries occurred in May (10.05%) and in September (9.90%). The highest quarter was the second quarter (29.23%). And different types of injuries were distributed differently over the year. Conclusions Child injury prevention should be more focused on boys aged 5-years, especially in May and September. Publicity on falls, animal injuries and traffic accidents should be particularly strengthened.