3～5岁儿童乳牙釉质发育缺陷的流行状况调查及相关因素分析

目的了解上海市浦东新区3～5岁儿童乳牙釉质发育缺陷的患病情况、流行特征及影响因素。方法对1 500名上海市浦东新区3～5岁儿童采用临床检查和问卷调查进行乳牙釉质发育缺陷流行病学调查。问卷调查包括抽样对象的一般情况和与乳牙釉质发育缺陷相关的问题。结果本研究共调查了上海市浦东新区3～5岁儿童共1 373人,乳牙釉质发育缺陷的患病率为34.6%,乳牙釉质发育不全的患病率为17.3%。多因素分析结果显示:年龄、男性、儿童贫血和母亲孕期饮酒是乳牙釉质发育缺陷的相关影响因素(P<0.05)。结论上海市浦东新区3～5岁儿童乳牙釉质发育缺陷患病率为34.6%,其中存在釉质发育不全的儿童的患病率为17.3%。年龄、男性、儿童贫血、孕期饮酒是乳牙釉质发育缺陷的主要相关因素。年龄大的儿童或母亲怀孕期间有饮酒史的儿童,其乳牙釉质发育缺陷的患病率更高。男孩比女孩更易患乳牙釉质发育缺陷且严重程度更高。在1岁内有贫血病史的儿童,如果患有乳牙釉质发育缺陷,缺陷的严重程度更高。

Developmental defect of enamel among children aged 3 to 5:An epidemiological investigation and analysis of associated factors

Objective To investigate the prevalence, epidemiological characteristics, and influence factors of developmental defect of enamel(DDE) in the primary dentition of children aged 3 to 5 in Pudong District, Shanghai. Methods Clinical examination and questionnaire survey were used to make a cross-sectional survey of randomly selected 1 500 children aged 3 to 5 in Pudong District, Shanghai. The questionnaire survey included the basic information of samples and questions associated with DDE of primary teeth. Results 1 373 children aged 3-5 in Pudong District, Shanghai were included in this study. The prevalence of DDE in the primary teeth of children aged 3 to 5 in Shanghai Pudong District was 34.6%. 17.3% of the whole valid samples had hypoplasia in primary dentition. The results of multi-factor analysis showed that age, sex, childhood anemia and alcohol intakes during mothers’ pregnancy were associated with DDE of primary teeth. Conclusion The prevalence of DDE in the primary teeth of preschool children aged 3 to 5 in Pudong District, Shanghai is 34.6%, and the prevalence of enamel hypoplasia(EHP) in the primary teeth is 17.3%. Age, sex, childhood anemia and alcohol intakes during mothers’ pregnancy are main relevant factors. The older children or the children with alcohol intakes during mothers’ pregnancy have higher prevalence rates of developmental defect of enamel in the primary dentition. Boys are easier to have more serious defect than girls. The one-year-old children with anemia history have more serious defect if they have developmental defect of enamel in the primary dentition.