Airborne exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and urinary excretion of 1-hydroxypyrene of carbon anode plant workers |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Toxicology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Switzerland;2. University of Zurich, Schorenstrasse 16, CH-8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland;1. Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology Unit, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerta, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia;2. Unit of Research 99/UR12-30, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisia;3. Environmental Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork, Ireland;1. Federal University of Technology – Paraná, Avenida dos Pioneiros, 3131, 86036-370, Londrina, Brazil;2. State University of Maringa –Colombo Avenue, 5790, Vila Esperança, 87020-900, Maringa, Brazil;3. State University of Londrina –Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, km 380, 86057-970, Londrina, Brazil;4. University of São Paulo – Rua do Matão, 1226 – Cidade Universitária, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;5. Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom;6. Visiting Researcher at Lund University, Lund, Sweden;1. School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia;2. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, St Mary’s Campus, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1 PG, United Kingdom;3. School of Public Health, Edward Ford Building A27, University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia;4. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia;5. School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia |
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| Abstract: | Workers in plants producing carbon anodes for aluminium electrolysis are exposed to PAHs containing coal tar pitch volatiles, pitch and coke. The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene to characterize respiratory exposure to PAH, which is most relevant for assessing individual health risks. Six workers in a carbon anode plant volunteered to take part in a personal air sampling and a biological monitoring programme lasting five consecutive 8-h shifts to determine occupational exposure to airborne PAHs and urinary excretion of 1-hydroxypyrene. Exposure to total PAH for all worksites varied from 3.99 to 120.6 μg PAH m−3 and for benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) from 0.17 to 4.88 μg BaP m−3. The concentration of 1-hydroxypyrene in post- and pre-shift urine samples was in the range (0.5–61.8 μmol 1-OHP per mol creatinine) and depended on the worksite. The Spearman rank correlation test showed a low but significant (P < 0.05) correlation of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene in the post- and pre-shift samples with respiratory pyrene exposure. The quantitative aspects of biological monitoring for the evaluation of respiratory PAH exposure were tested with a pharmacokinetic model. On the basis of individual pyrene exposure, excretion of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene during the working week was calculated for each worker. The results presented in this investigation indicate that biological monitoring of the pyrene metabolite 1-hydroxypyrene is a useful indicator of a general PAH exposure, but cannot replace personal air sampling for assessing the lung cancer risk of individuals. |
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