父母情感温暖对大一新生主动性人格和学校适应的影响

目的:探讨父母情感温暖的教养方式的特点及其与大一新生主动性人格、学校适应的关系,为家庭教育和高校管理提供参考。方法:使用简式父母教养方式问卷、主动性人格问卷和中国大学生适应量表调查363名大一新生。结果:(1)母亲比父亲较多地实施情感温暖的教养方式,父亲情感温暖在性别(t=-3.14,P0.01)上差异显著,父母情感温暖在城乡(P0.001)上差异显著,在是否独孩(P0.05)上差异不显著;(2)父、母情感温暖与主动性人格、学校适应显著正相关(r=0.29,0.28,0.51;P0.001);(3)主动性人格在父、母情感温暖和学校适应之间起部分中介效应,中介效应占总效应的比例为36.67%和30.1%。结论:父亲情感温暖在性别上及父母情感温暖在城乡上差异显著,主动性人格在父母情感温暖和大一新生学校适应间具有中介作用。

The Effect of Parental Warmth on Proactive Personality and School Adjustment Among College Freshmen

Objective:To investigate the relationship among college freshmen's school adjustment,proactive personality and parental warmth.Methods:A total of 363 college freshmen were interviewed with proactive personality scale,Short-Egna Minnen av Bamdams Uppfostran and Chinese College Students Adjustment Scale.Results:① Mother hao more implementation of emotional warmth than father,there was significant difference in gender(t =-3.14,P＜0.01) in father emotional warmth,and there was signficame difference in mother emotional warmth between urban and rural(r =3.01,P ＜ 0.01,r-4.05,P ＜ 0.001);The'differences were not significant in whether the child(r =1.66,r =1.42,P＞0.05).②Proactive personality had negatively correlation with father,mother warmth/adapting to college life.③the mediation of proactive personality was significant,intermediary effect ratio were 36.67 ％ and 30.1％.Conclusion:Parental warmth is significant different in gender and city or countryside,proactive personality is a mediator between parental warmth and school adjustment.