Percutaneous transhepatic cholecystoscopic lithotomy in the management of acute cholecystitis caused by gallbladder stones

Percutaneous transhepatic cholecystic drainage (PTCCD) with percutaneous transhepatic cholecystoscopic lithotomy (PTCCSL) were performed in 53 patients with acute cholecystitis caused by gallbladder stones and studied stone removal rates, complications, endoscopic findings, and stone recurrence. The stones were successfully removed in 96% of the patients, and there were no serious complications. The coexistence of cancer was confirmed in three patients, and all cases were accurately diagnosed on the basis of uitrasonographic, endoscopic, and biopsy findings. The mean duration of follow-up after stone removal was 42 months, and the stone recurrence rate was 2.5%. Among the 39 patients followed up for at least 1 year, the gallbladder could be preserved with no evidence of sludge in patients in whom drainage was performed early after the onset of symptoms, those with a normal gallbladder after PTCCSL, and those with normal gallbladder contractility after PTCCSL. Sludge was present in patients with evidence of extensive areas of yellowish white fibers on percutaneous transhepatic cholecystoscopy. If instituted early after the onset of symptoms, PTCCD combined with PTCCSL was considered useful in the treatment of patients with acute cholecystitis associated with gallbladder stones.