定期检测肾移植患者尿中供者细胞DNA的临床意义

目的 探讨肾移植患者尿中供者细胞的出现与急性排斥反应的相关关系及其临床意义。方法 以供者为男性、受者为女性或HLA—DB抗原有错配的80例肾移植患者为研究对象，定期收集尿液标本，从中提取DNA，利用聚合酶链反应及序列特异性引物—聚合酶链反应分别检测Y染色体上特异的基因片段DYZ—l和HLA-DR抗原的基因DRB1。结果 手术当天受者的尿中即有供者细胞出现，随着时间的推移，尿中供者细胞DNA的基因表达强度逐渐减弱，直至术后30d，仍有90．0％患者的尿中有供者细胞DNA的基因表达，其中8例(29．6％)发生了急性排斥反应；出院后发生急性排斥反应者，90．0％的尿液标本中能检测到供者细胞DNA，抗排斥治疗结束后2周，83．3％仍为阳性，治疗过程中尿中供者细胞DNA的基因表达强度逐渐减弱，直至3个月后，88．9％转为阴性；肾功能良好的稳定期患者，仅6．7％的患者尿中DYZ—l或HLA-DRB1基因阳性。结论 肾移植患者尿中供者细胞DNA的检测可以作为诊断急性排斥反应，并与药物性肾功能损伤进行鉴别的一种方法，其基因表达强度变化为定量评价排斥反应提供了可能性。

Clinical value to regularly detect donor DNA in urine of renal transplant recipients

Objective To investigate the relationship between the appearance of donor cells in urine and acute rejection and the clinical implication. Methods Eighty renal transplantation patients were observed, in which the donors were male and the recipients were female, or HLA DR antigen were mismatched (30 cases were at perioperative period, 20 cases were subjected to acute rejection, 30 cases had stable renal function). Urine samples were collected regularly. PCR and PCR SSP were applied to detect DYZ 1 (special gene fragment of Y chromosome) and DRB 1of HLA DR antigen respectively after DNA were obtained.Results Perioperative period group: donor cells in urine were detected in all the patients 24?h after operation. With the development of disease, the intensity of donor DNA expression in urine was decreased generally. 30 days later, donor cells in urine disappeared only in 3 cases of 30 cases, and acute rejection happened in 8 cases of the rest 27 cases. Acute rejection group: donor cells in urine were detected in 18 cases (90%); 2 weeks following anti rejection therapy, donor cells in urine were negative only in 3 cases, still positive in the other 15 cases, and the intensity of donor DNA expression in urine was decreased generally during the treatment. Donor cells in urine were negative in 16 cases ( 88.9% ) after treatment for 3 months. Stable renal function group: DYZ 1 or HLA DRB1 was positive in 2 cases ( 6.7% ), negative in 28 cases ( 93.3% ). Conclusion PCR and PCR SSP were used to detect DNA of donor cells in urine, which would be a new method to diagnose acute rejection of renal transplantation, but would not exactly fit for those happened in early stage. The intensity change of donor DNA expression in urine represented the recovery of renal transplantation, which provided the possibility to evaluate renal allograft rejection quantitatively at the same time.