抗精神分裂症药物的研究进展

精神分裂症是一种严重影响患者及家属生活质量的致残性精神障碍。目前对精神分裂症的治疗仍以药物疗法和电惊厥疗法为主,尽管心理疗法和康复疗法也是不容忽视的治疗手段,但在临床上抗精神分裂症药物的应用仍然占据核心地位。典型抗精神病药能减少精神分裂症的阳性症状,却伴发锥体外系不良反应;而非典型抗精神病药尽管临床效应谱更广,锥体外系不良反应有所减少,但仍伴随其他不良反应,因此,迫切需要寻找和开发更为安全有效的药物。该文综述了典型和非典型抗精神分裂症药物的优势与问题及研发趋势。

Advances in research on antipsychotics for schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is one of the most disabling of serious mental disorders that significantly compromises the quality of life of its victims and their relatives.Schizophrenia is chiefly treated biologically（antipsychotic drugs,electroconvulsive therapy）,although psychological treatment and rehabilitation serve as an excellent complement.Antipsychotic drugs underpin the treatment of schizophrenia.Typical antipsychotics result in extrapyramidal side-effects although they alleviate positive symptoms.Atypical antipsychotics do not produce the extrapyramidal side-effects with a more extensive spectrum of effect.However,the atypical family is not devoid of problems.Therefore,more potent and safer antipsychotics are urgently needed.This review summarizes the advantages,disadvantages and current trends of antipsychotics.