卵清蛋白致敏SD大鼠上下呼吸道炎症反应动物模型的构建

目的：以卵清蛋白为致敏原，建立具有变应性鼻炎和变应性哮喘为主要特征的大鼠模型，观察大鼠模型上下呼吸道炎症反应及病理改变。方法：采用6-8周雄性SD大鼠，随机分为变应性鼻炎组10只，变应性鼻炎对照组10只，变应性哮喘组10只，变应性哮喘对照组10只，以卵清蛋白致敏并激发制成变应性鼻炎和变应性哮喘模型。HE染色和甲苯胺蓝染色分别检测变应性鼻炎模型和变应性哮喘模型鼻黏膜及肺组织中EOS、MC的表达。结果：变应性鼻炎组、变应性哮喘组大鼠卵清蛋白激发后出现了典型的变应性鼻炎、变应性哮喘症状（评分〉5分），鼻黏膜和肺组织可见较多的嗜酸粒细胞和肥大细胞浸润，且两组鼻黏膜和肺组织中EOS、MC数明显多于相应对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：卵清蛋白致敏SD大鼠能够成功建立变应性鼻炎和变应性哮喘动物模型，有望为上、下呼吸道炎症反应的诊断、治疗及研究工作提供有效方法及组织形态学依据。

Establishment of Animal Model of Upper and Lower Respiratory Inflammatory Reaction Induced by Ovalbumin in SD Rats

Objective： To observe the upper and lower respiratory inflammatory reaction and pathological changes in ovabumin-induced animal model in SD rats with the features of allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma. Methods： Forty 6-8 weeks SD rats （160-200g） were randomly divided into four groups： allergic rhinitis group （AR group）, control group of allergic rhinitis （con AR）, asthma group （AS group） and control group of asthma （con AS）. The models of allergic rhinitis and asthma were made by injecting ovalbumin, then infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells in the nasal mucous membrane and lung tissue were detected by hematoxylin eosin stain （HE stain） and toluidine blue stain respectively. Results： After provocation with ovalbumin, the typical symptoms of AR and AS could be observed respectively （scoros〉5）. Tissue sections of the nasal mucosa and the lung tissue in both APt and AS groups showed a marked infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells, and the numbers of eosinophils and mast cells in nasal mucosa and lung tissue of AR and AS groups were significantly higher than that in the two control groups （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： The model of AR and AS in SD rats was successfully established through repeated intraperitoneal shot and local challenge with ovalbumin. The model proves to be a useful tool for the diagnosis, therapy and study of upper and lower respiratory inflammation.