实习护生基础护理认知现状及影响因素分析

目的了解实习护生对基础护理的认知现状及影响因素。方法采用问卷调查法，于2008年1-2月按照便利抽样方法调查北京市某医院135名实习护生对基础护理的认知现状，调查内容包括实习护生对基础护理认知及影响因素，并对所得数据进行t检验、方差分析、多元逐步回归分析。结果（1）实习护生对基础护理的基本定义认识不清。不同学历实习护生对基础护理的认识差异无统计学意义（F=0．57，P〉0．05）。（2）非独生子女对基础护理的态度比独生子女的态度积极（t=2．98，P〈0．05）。实习护生选择护理专业的原因影响她们对基础护理的态度，依次从个人兴趣、他人影响、就业原因到不得已选择护理专业逐级递减（F=4．04，P〈0．01）。（3）实习护生对床上擦浴、铺床、口腔护理等生活护理不感兴趣。（4）各影响因素对实习护生基础护理认知的影响大小依次为临床护生实习需求、带教老师影响、基础护理安全意识、护士长对待基础护理重视程度、基础护理工作内容及护生的专业思想。结论实习护生对基础护理的认知不足，须提高护士长对基础护理的重视程度和监控力度，重视护生心理需求调试，完善岗前培训，强化基础护理安全教育，重视带教影响，加强实习护生职业态度培养，从而提高实习护生对基础护理的认知。

The Cognition of Basic Nursing among Student Nurses and Influential Factors

Objective To investigate the condition of student nurses＇ recognizing basic nursing and the influential factors. Methods A questionnaire was used to investigate the cognition of basic nursing as well as influential factors among 135 student nurses in a hospital in Beijing during January. and February 2008. The data from investigation were analyzed with t-test, variance analysis and multiple regression analysis. Results （1） The student nurses could not understand the definition of basic nursing. The recognition was in- significantly different between them with different education level （F=0.57, P〉0.05）. （2） The non-only-child student nurses were more active than the only-child ones in their attitude to basic nursing （t=2.98, P〈0.05）. The reasons why they chose nursing major influenced their attitude to basic nursing, the influential factors including personal interest, influence from others, and job-hunting in order of influencing strength （F=4.04, P〈0.01）. （3） They were not interested in daily life nursing like bed sponge bath, bed making and oral nursing. （4） Based on the influencing strength, the influential factor was ranked in a sequence of needs of clinical student nurses, teacher＇s influence, safety sense of basic nursing, head nurse＇s attitude to basic nursing, contents of basic nursing and their professional thought. Conclusion The student nurses recognize basic nursing insufficiently. Head nurses should enhance their attention and monitoring to basic nursing, attach importance to modulation of psychological needs and pre-position training, enhance the training of occupational attitudes and consequently increase their cognition of basic nursing.