早期肠道菌群变化与1型糖尿病

1 型糖尿病(Type 1 diabetes，T1D)是由T细胞介导的以胰岛B细胞破坏，胰岛素绝对缺乏，高血糖为特征的自身免疫性疾病。20 世纪中叶后T1D的发病率急剧上升，提示环境因素在T1D的发生发展中起重要作用。人类肠道菌群的多样性在生命初期形成，在3 岁左右趋向稳定。早期肠道菌群处在一个动态变化的过程中，且与免疫系统的成熟有密切关系，这提示早期环境暴露可能影响肠道菌群的分布，进而参与T1D的发生发展。抗生素、剖宫产术等可影响早期肠道菌群的定植。明确这些因素对早期肠道菌群的影响，以及与T1D的联系有助于进一步理解T1D的发病机制，为T1D的一级预防提供有效手段。

Changes in early intestinal flora and Type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by T-cell mediateddestruction of pancreatic B cells, absolute deficiency in insulin, and hyperglycemia. Theincidence of T1D is increased sharply after the middle of the 20th century, suggesting thatthe environmental factors affect the occurrence and development of T1D. The diversity ofhuman intestinal flora forms early in life and tends to stabilize around age 3. Earlyintestinal flora is in a dynamic process of change and is closely related to the maturation ofthe immune system, suggesting that early environmental exposure may be involved in thedevelopment of T1D. A variety of factors such as antibiotics and cesarean section can affectthe colonization of early intestinal flora. To clarify the influence of these factors on earlyintestinal flora and its association with T1D, it is necessary to understand the pathogenesisof T1D and to provide an effective means for the primary prevention of T1D.