呼吸系统感染性疾病快速诊断技术的应用

目的为临床提供快速准确的呼吸道常见感染性疾病病因诊断依据，以便尽快诊断、正确治疗、预防传播，协助临床排除SARS(严重急性呼吸综合征)及禽流感诊断。方法用酶免疫方法对呼吸道感染病人鼻咽喉分泌物、血清及尿液标本进行检测，得到A群链球菌抗原、流感病毒A型和B型抗原、呼吸道合胞病毒抗原、肺炎支原体抗体IgM、嗜肺军团菌I型抗原的定性结果。每项试验操作简单并可在30min内完成。结果一年半时间共检测来自879位病人的1152份标本，阳性结果共124个，总感染率为14．1％。A群链球菌抗原检测标本446份，阳性率为11．9％；流感病毒A型和B型抗原266份，阳性率为11．7％；呼吸道合胞病毒抗原116份，阳性率为21．6%；肺炎支原体抗体227份，阳性率为5．3％、嗜肺军团菌1型抗原97份，阳性率为3．1％。SARS流行期间这五种病原体的感染率为20．2％，阳性结果中未发现一例SARS病人。SARS流行前一年多的时间里所检测病原体感染率仅为12．0%。结论采用酶免疫法检测呼吸道病原体，结果快速可靠，为临床提供了早期诊断和正确治疗的依据，可以尽早有效地排除SARS诊断，并减少抗生素滥用现象。

Application of Enzyme Immunoassay in Rapid Detection of Respiratory Pathogens

Objective To provide accurate and rapid laboratory evidence for diagnosis of respiratory infection and help doctors to rule out SARS patients.Methods To detect streptococcus group A antigen,influenza virus antigens,respiratory syncytial virus antigen,mycoplasma pneumonia antibody IgM and legionella pneumonia antigen by enzyme immunoassay.Any tests could be finished in 30 minutes.Results 1 152 samples were detected among 879 patients in the past one and half year,124 were postive,the infected rate was 14.1%.The samples for Strep.A Ag,Flu A+B Ag,RSV Ag,mycoplasma pneumonia Ab and L.pneumonia Ag tests were 446,266,116,227 and 97 respectively;positive rate were 11.9%,11.7%,21.6%,5.3% and 3.1%.All age group people might be infected by above pathogens,the infected rate was 20.2% during SARS period,but only 12.0% in past one year before March 2003.No patients were diagnosed as SARS among positive group.Conclusion Enzyme immunoassay is a rapid and useful method to detect respiratory pathogens.These assays can provide doctors with the evidence of early diagnosis and proper treatment.At the present as no simple and rapid test kits are produced to be carried on in clinical laboratories for SARS early diagnosis,above tests can help doctors to exclude the diagnosis of SARS.