Cancer incidence due to excess body weight and leisure-time physical inactivity in Canada: Implications for prevention |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark;2. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, 9609 Medical Center Drive, MSC 9774, Bethesda, MD 20892-9774, USA;3. Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section on Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 1, 1. Floor, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark;1. Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia;2. Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC;3. Center for Health and Aging, VA Medical Center and Department of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC;4. Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA;5. Teaching and Experimental Center, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China;1. Adnan Menderes University Medical Faculty, Division of Hematology, Aydin, 09000 Turkey;2. Adnan Menderes University Medical Faculty, Division of Internal Medicine, Aydin, 09000 Turkey;1. National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa;2. Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;3. School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;4. Burden of Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa;5. Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom;6. Division of Human Genetics, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;7. Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom;8. Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany;9. MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda;10. University of York, York, United Kingdom;11. Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia;12. Menzies Centre of Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Australia;1. Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;2. Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands;3. Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;4. Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;5. Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;6. Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;7. Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;8. Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;9. Division of Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky Albert B. Chandler Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky, USA;10. Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;11. The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA;12. Cardiology and Preventative Medicine Sections, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;13. Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;14. Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands;15. Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands;p. Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands;q. Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA;r. Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;s. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;t. Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;u. Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland;v. Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA;1. Centre de référence nationale narcolepsie et hypersomnie idiopathique, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France;2. Service de pathologies du sommeil, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière/Charles-Foix, AP–HP, 75013 Paris, France;3. Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, centre de recherche de l’institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière, UPMC-Paris 6, 75013 Paris, France;4. EA 4047, CIC 1429, AP–HP, unité des troubles du sommeil et de l’éveil, centre de référence narcolepsie-hypersomnies hôpital Raymond-Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France;5. Unité des troubles du sommeil et de l’éveil, service de neurologie, hôpital Gui-De-Chauliac, 80, avenue Augustin-Fliche, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France;6. Inserm U1061, 34295 Montpellier, France |
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| Abstract: | ObjectiveThis analysis aimed to estimate the number of incident cases of various cancers attributable to excess body weight (overweight, obesity) and leisure-time physical inactivity annually in Canada.MethodsThe number of attributable cancers was estimated using the population attributable fraction (PAF), risk estimates from recent meta-analyses and population exposure prevalence estimates obtained from the Canadian Community Health Survey (2000). Age–sex-site-specific cancer incidence was obtained from Statistics Canada tables for the most up-to-date year with full national data, 2007. Where the evidence for association has been deemed sufficient, we estimated the number of incident cases of the following cancers attributable to obesity: colon, breast, endometrium, esophagus (adenocarcinomas), gallbladder, pancreas and kidney; and to physical inactivity: colon, breast, endometrium, prostate, lung and/or bronchus, and ovarian.ResultsOverall, estimates of all cancer incidence in 2007 suggest that at least 3.5% (n = 5771) and 7.9% (n = 12,885) are attributed to excess body weight and physical inactivity respectively. For both risk factors the burden of disease was greater among women than among men.ConclusionThousands of incident cases of cancer could be prevented annually in Canada as good evidence exists for effective interventions to reduce these risk factors in the population. |
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