妊娠晚期孕妇膳食情况与巨大胎儿的关系

目的探讨妊娠晚期孕妇膳食情况与巨大胎儿发生之间的关系。方法采用24h回忆法对120例孕周>34周的孕妇在产前检查时询问前一天膳食情况,调查膳食中热量、蛋白质、无机盐等营养素的摄入量。随访孕妇至分娩,其中24例分娩巨大儿,96例分娩正常体重新生儿,比较两组孕妇妊娠晚期膳食情况及体重增加情况。结果两组孕妇的膳食结构较合理,三大生热营养素的供能比例与RDA基本一致,摄入蛋白质中有1/3以上优质蛋白。但巨大儿组孕妇能量摄入量显著高于对照组及RDA(P<0.05),对照组能量摄入量显著低于RDA(P<0.05)。两组孕妇钙、维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2及锌的摄入量均显著低于RDA(P<0.05),且巨大儿组孕妇孕期增重明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论妊娠晚期限制主食量,增加副食量,尤其是动物性食品有利于预防巨大儿的发生。

The Relationship between the Fetal Macrosomia and the Dietary Condition of the Pregnant Women in the Third Trimester

Objective To investigate the relationship between the dietary situation of the pregnant woman in the third trimester and fetal macrosomia.Methods The dietary condition of the last day was inquired in 120 pregnant women in the third trimester(>34 weeks) with 24-hour-recall method when they had antenatal examination.We investigated the intake amount of caloric and nutrients such as protein,inorganic salt,etc.Following the pregnant women to parturition,24 of them delivered macrosomia(study team),and 96 of them delivered normal birthweight infant(control team).The dietary condition in the third trimester and the weight increase in gestation were compared between two teams.Results The dietary compositions of two teams were reasonable.The proportions of three macronutrients providing energy were basically identical with RDA.The top quality protein accounted for 1/3 of the ingested protein,but the caloric intake of the study team was significantly higher than that of the control team and RDA(P<0.05).The caloric intake of the control team was significantly lower than RDA(P<0.05).Both of two teams intake of calcium,vitamin A,vitamin B1,vitamin B2 and zinc were significantly lower than RDA(P<0.05),and the weight increase in the study team was significantly higher than the control team(P<0.05).Conclusion The staple foods should be confined and the non-staple foods,especially animal foods,should be increased in the third trimester.That would be helpful for the prevention against fetal macrosomia.