The effect of different surface treatments on the bond strength of PEEK composite materials

Objectives

To evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on the bond strength between polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composite materials and each of two different luting cements.

Methods

One hundred specimens were randomly divided into five groups (n = 20/group) as follows: (A) no treatment, (B) 98% sulfuric acid, (C) 9.5% hydrofluoric acid, (D) argon plasma treatment, and (E) sandblast with 50 μm Al₂O₃ particles. Each group was divided into two subgroups of different cements: RelyX™ Unicem and SE Bond/Clearfil AP-X™. The cements were bonded onto the specimens. All specimens were stored in distilled water at 37° for 24 h. Bond strength was measured in a shear test, and failure modes were assessed by stereomicroscopy. The surfaces were observed by SEM after the different pretreatments.

Results

Etching with 98% sulfuric acid and argon plasma treatment can significantly enforce the bond strength of RelyX™ Unicem or SE Bond/Clearfil AP-X™ to PEEK composite materials in comparison to the group of no treatment, hydrofluoric acid or sandblasting (p < 0.05). No adhesion was established on the groups of no treatment and hydrofluoric acid when RelyX™ Unicem was used. Applying the SE Bond/Clearfil AP-X™ system, no statistical differences were found whether hydrofluoric acid was applied or not (p > 0.05). The shear bond strength value of using SE Bond/Clearfil AP-X™ was higher than that of using RelyX™ Unicem with the same surface conditioning method (p < 0.05).

Significance

The use of SE Bond/Clearfil AP-X™ after the surface of PEEK composite material treated with sulfuric acid or argon plasma can be recommended as an effective bonding method.