Neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation,perceived neighborhood factors,and cortisol responses to induced stress among healthy adults |
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| Affiliation: | 1. University of Washington, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, WA, USA;2. Medical Research Council, Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, London, England, UK;3. University College London, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, London, England, UK;4. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA;1. Tilburg University, Sociology Department, PO Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands;2. University of Copenhagen, Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Postboks 2099, 1014 København K, Denmark;1. Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, United States;2. Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, United States;3. Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, United States;4. Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, Arizona State University, United States;5. Department of Acute and Chronic Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, United States;6. Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States;7. Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States;8. Salivary Bioscience Laboratory and Department of Psychology, University of Nebrask, United States;1. Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA;2. RAND, Santa Monica, CA, USA;3. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;4. Boston Children''s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA;5. Kaiser Permanente School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, USA;6. Health Science Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA;1. Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden;2. Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA;3. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden;4. Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA;5. Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA, USA;6. Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA;7. Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA;1. Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung;2. Blood Institute; Clinical Center, Office of Clinical Research Training and Medical Education, NIH, Bethesda;3. Applied Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland;4. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas;5. Department of Economics, University of Dallas, Irving, Texas;6. Independent Consultant, St. Louis;7. Division of General Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;1. University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Dallas, TX, United States;2. University of Texas School of Public Health, Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, Dallas, TX, United States;3. University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of General Internal Medicine, Dallas, TX, United States |
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| Abstract: | Associations between measures of neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation and health have been identified, yet work is needed to uncover explanatory mechanisms. One hypothesized pathway is through stress, yet the few studies that have evaluated associations between characteristics of deprived neighborhoods and biomarkers of stress are mixed. This study evaluated whether objectively measured neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation and individual perceived neighborhood characteristics (i.e. social control and fear of crime) impacted cortisol responses to an induced stressor among older healthy adults. Data from Heart Scan, a sub-study of the Whitehall II cohort, were used to generate multilevel piecewise growth-curve models of cortisol trajectories after a laboratory stressor accounting for neighborhood and demographic characteristics. Neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation was significantly associated with individual perceptions of social control and fear of crime in the neighborhood while an association with blunted cortisol reactivity was only evidence among women. Social control was significantly associated with greater cortisol reactivity and mediation between neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation and cortisol reactivity was suggested among women. These findings support a gender-dependent role of neighborhood in stress process models of health. |
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| Keywords: | Neighborhood deprivation Stress Social control Cortisol |
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