神经内科重症监护病房患者医院获得性肺炎危险因素分析

目的探讨神经内科重症监护病房（NICU）患者医院获得性肺炎（HAP）的危险因素。方法对住NICU≥5d的207例NICU患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析，判断可能导致HAP的危险因素。结果HAP发生率为14．01％（29／207）。相关分析结果显示，高龄、意识障碍、吞咽困难、呕吐、低前白蛋白血症、住NICU时间〉130d、留置鼻胃管、抑酸药物使用、气管插管、气管切开、机械通气和支气管镜深部吸痰与HAP的发生相关（JP〈0．05或〈0．01），而血糖、镇静药物使用与HAP的发生无关（P〉0．05）。结论NICU患者HAP发生率高，积极采取综合防范措施，减少危险因素，可以有效控制NICU患者发生HAP。

Analysis of the risk factors for hospital acquired pneumonia in patients with neural-intensive care unit

Objective To explore the risk factors for hospital acquired pneumonia （HAP） in patients with neural-intensive care unit （NICU）. Methods The clinical data were analyzed retrospectively for 207 patients in NICU ≥ 5 d, to determine possible risk factors with HAP. Results The incidence of HAP was 14.01% （29/207）. Correlation analysis showed that old age, disturbance of consciousness, dysphagia, vomiting, low pre albumin, NICU residence time ≥30 d, indwelling nasogastric tube, the use of the acid-blocking drugs, tracheal intubation, tracheal incision, mechanical ventilation and deep bronchoscopic suetioning were the related factors of HAP （P 〈 0.05 or 〈 0.01 ）, but blood glucose, sedative drugs were unrelated with HAP （P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion There is a high incidence of NICU in patients with HAP, taking comprehensive measures actively, reduce risk factors, can effectively control the occurrence of HAP in NICU.