Influenza vaccination rate and its association with chronic diseases in China: Results of a national cross-sectional study |
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| Institution: | 1. National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China;2. Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 12560 Fanhua Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Hefei 230601, China;3. Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 242 Shayang Road, Heping District, Shenyang 110005, China;4. Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghuayuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China;1. Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China;2. Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China;3. Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China;4. School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;1. School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region;2. NIVEL, Dutch Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands;3. Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand;4. University of Indonesia, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia;5. University of the Philippines Manila, College of Medicine, Philippine General Hospital, Manila City, Philippines;6. Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR), Wallaceville, Upper Hutt, New Zealand;7. Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India;8. National Taiwan University Children''s Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan;9. Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;10. University of Pennsylvania, Doylestown, PA, USA;1. Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal;2. Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal;3. CICS.NOVA-Interdisciplinary Centre of Social Sciences – Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities FCSH/NOVA, Portugal;1. Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain;2. Departamento de Enfermería, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain;3. UGC Occidente, Distrito Sanitario Córdoba y Guadalquivir, Córdoba, Spain;4. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), E. U. Enfermería y Fisioterapia de Toledo, Toledo, Spain;5. Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain;1. Department of Family Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Seonam University, College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion and Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Internal Medicine, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea;4. Department of Family Medicine, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea;5. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea;1. School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, China;2. Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China;3. Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan |
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| Abstract: | IntroductionInfluenza vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza. Few studies on its rate were reported throughout China and for populations with chronic diseases. An estimation of the rates in China was accomplished.MethodsAll data were from a national cross-sectional survey of a sample representing the population aged 40 years or older in mainland China in 2014–15. A total of 74,484 individuals with complete self-reported influenza vaccination status were analyzed in 2018–19.ResultsThe overall influenza vaccination rate was 2.4% (95% CI 1.4–3.3) with 1.7% (95% CI 1.2–2.2) for the age group 40–59 years and 3.8% (95% CI 1.6–5.9) for the group ≥60 years. The rate was 4.0% (95% CI 2.0–5.9) among people with a chronic disease. People with asthma and people with emphysema had the highest rates (7.1%, 95% CI 3.2–11.0 and 6.6%, 95% CI 3.6–9.7) while people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and people with chronic bronchitis had the lower rates (3.6%, 95% CI 2.0–5.2 and 4.8%, 95% CI 2.6–7.0). The rate was the highest among former smokers (3.3%, 95% CI 2.3–4.4) compared to current smokers (1.8%, 95% CI 0.9–2.7) and never smokers (2.5%, 95% CI 1.4–3.6). People living with finance-reimbursed vaccination policy, a positive factor for vaccination, had a higher vaccination rate (11.5%, 95% CI 10.8–12.2) (p < 0.05). People with older age, higher education level, occupation of professionals or technical personnel, living in rural areas or Northern China, former/never smoking were more likely to be vaccinated (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe influenza vaccination rate is low among adults aged ≥40 years, those ≥60 years and those with chronic diseases in China. Reimbursement policy targeting the elderly should be implemented widely and strategies towards patients with chronic diseases need urgent attention to increase the influenza vaccination coverage. |
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| Keywords: | Influenza Vaccination Rate Chronic disease China Body Mass Index Center for Disease Control and Prevention Confidence Interval Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Forced expiratory volume in 1s Forced vital capacity Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Modified Medical Research Council Odds Ratio Trivalent inactivated vaccine World Health Organization |
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