医务人员心理健康状况与人格特征关系

目的了解医务人员的心理健康状况及其与人格特征的关系,为更好地开展医务人员的心理健康干预提供参考依据。方法采用心理健康状况测量量表(Kessler10)和艾森克人格问卷简式量表中文版(EPQ-RSC)对某市市级医院的1 298名医务人员(医生540例,护士758例)进行调查。结果医生的神经质维度得分低于护士(P<0.05),男性医务人员的精神质得分高于女性医务人员(P<0.01),研究生学历医务人员的K10得分高于其他学历组(P<0.05),不同值夜班情况的医务人员在K10分值、精神质和神经质维度上的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),医务人员每天与病人的接触时间不同在K10分值得分上的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),不同人格类型医务人员的K10分值得分的差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),K10分值与精神质(r=0.210,P<0.001)及神经质(r=0.567,P<0.001)两个维度存在显著的正相关,与内外倾向性(r=-0.200,P<0.001)存在显著的负相关。结论护士、男性和高学历的医务人员的心理健康状况较差,频繁值夜班及与病人的接触时间长的医务人员的情绪较低落,内向不稳的医务人员患心理疾患的危险性最高,医务人员的性格越外向、情绪越稳定、精神质的倾向性越小,患心理疾患的危险性越低。

Condition of Mental Health among medical personnel and Analysis of its Influential Factors

Objective To assess condition of mental health among medical personnel and analysis of its influential factors, so as to supply evidence for improving the condition of mental health.Methods A survey was carried out by using the Eysenck Personality Questionnair-Revission Short Scale of China （EPQ-RSC） and the 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale （kesslerl0） in 1298 medical personnel, 540 from doctor and nurse 758. Results Doctor＇s neuroticism lower than nurses（P〈0.05） while men＇s psychoticism higher than women （P〈0.01）. The K10＇s score of postgraduate is significantly higher than the other medical personnel （P〈0.05）. There is a significant difference in medical personnel on duty 2-3 times a week with others in KIO, psychoticism, neuroticism, and night shift（P〈O.01）. There is a significant difference in the K10 among medical staff along contact time with patient every day （P〈0.01）, and different personality types （P〈0.001）. The K10 was positively correlated with psychoticism （r=-0.210, P〈0.001）and neuroticism（r=0.567, P〈0.001） but negatively correlated with extraversion （r=-0.200,P〈0.001）.Conclusion The mental health of nurses, male and highly educated staff was poor. Medical staffs emotional dropped with night shifts and long contact time with patient. The risk of unstable medical personnel suffering from psychological disorders is highest. The medical staff with more extroverted, emotional stability, and the smaller psychoticism, the risk of suffering from psychological disorders is lower.