精神障碍患者自我面孔识别的行为特征与异常神经活动

自闭症、精神分裂症、抑郁障碍等精神障碍患者均表现出自我面孔识别缺陷。行为特征包括识别困难、错误率更高、反应速度更慢、速度加工优势消失、知觉加工受损及认知评价与情绪反应失调等;神经活动异常出现在自我面孔识别的各个加工阶段,涉及面孔结构编码相关的枕颞皮层、自我参照加工相关的皮质中线结构、认知控制有关的额顶控制网络以及情绪加工相关的脑岛等脑区。元分析结果揭示精神障碍患者额下回、内侧前额叶、海马旁回和脑岛等脑区活动存在异常。未来研究应结合时间和空间信息数据并关注脑区间协同功能的损伤,关注各类精神障碍患者自我面孔识别的共同特征及其独特性,并发掘自我面孔识别在精神障碍早期诊断中的潜在价值。

Behavioral Characteristics and Abnormal Neural Activity of Self-face Recognition in Patients with Mental Disorders

Mental disorders,such as autism spectrum disorder,schizophrenia disorder,depressive disorder and so on,all show impairments in self-face recognition.Behavioral characteristics include impaired self-identification,higher error rate,slower response times,weakened self-face processing speed advantage,impaired perceptual processing,and weaker coupling between cognitive evaluation and emotional responses to self-face.Moreover,abnormal neural activations have been found in several brain regions during self-face recognition,including occipital and temporal cortex concerning face structure encoding,cortical midline structures linked with self-reference processing,frontoparietal network related to cognitive control,as well as insula associated with emotion processing.The results of meta-analysis revealed abnormal neural activation in inferior frontal gyrus,medial prefrontal lobe,parahippocampal gyrus and insula.Future researches should pay close attention to the impaired structural and functional connectivity among brain areas or brain networks in patients with mental disorders,investigate the general and specific character of self-face recognition in different mental disorders,and explore the potential value of self-face recognition in the early diagnosis of mental disorders.