男性酒依赖患者酒精依赖程度及影响因素

  目的   探讨酒精依赖患者认知、情绪、睡眠现状和酒精依赖程度及其影响因素。  方法  采用横断面研究，连续选取2020年9月至2021年6月在云南省3家医院精神科住院的酒精依赖患者作为酒精依赖组，同时期在社区招募年龄和受教育年限相匹配的普通居民为对照组。通过问卷调查收集患者的人口学信息、饮酒情况与认知、情绪、睡眠状况。比较2组人群的认知功能、情绪、睡眠质量状况，并进行单因素及多元线性回归分析，确定影响酒精依赖患者酒精依赖程度的独立危险因素。  结果   共发放问卷220份，两组各110份。共回收有效问卷192份，酒精依赖组97份，对照组95份，有效问卷回收率为87.27%。酒精依赖组焦虑、抑郁程度高于对照组，睡眠质量与认知水平低于对照组（P < 0.001）。多元线性回归分析结果显示，饮酒频率、日饮酒量、焦虑筛查评分是影响酒精依赖患者酒精依赖程度的独立危险因素（P < 0.05）。  结论   酒精依赖患者存在一定程度的焦虑抑郁情绪、认知损伤与睡眠问题，且3种问题之间相互影响。随着饮酒频率、饮酒量、焦虑程度的增加，酒精依赖程度会加重。

The Analysis of Alcohol Dependence Degree and Influencing Factors in Male Alcohol Dependence Patients

  Objective   To explore the cognition, mood, sleep status and alcohol dependence degree of patients with alcohol dependence and its influencing factors.   Methods  In a cross-sectional study, alcohol dependent patients hospitalized in the psychiatric department of three hospitals in Yunnan Province from September 2020 to June 2021 were selected as the alcohol dependence group, and ordinary residents matched with age and years of education were recruited in the community as the control group. The demographic information, drinking status, cognition, emotion and sleep status of patients were collected through the questionnaire survey and compared. The data were analyzed by univariate and multiple linear regression analyses to determine the independent risk factors affecting the degree of alcohol dependence in patients.   Results  A total of 220 questionnaires were distributed, 110 for each group. A total of 192 valid questionnaires were collected, including 97 from the alcohol dependent group and 95 from the control group. The effective questionnaire recovery was 87.27%. The degrees of anxiety and depression in alcohol-dependent group were higher than those in the control group, and the sleep quality and cognition level were lower than those in the control group （P < 0.001）. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the drinking frequency, daily alcohol consumption and GAD-7 score were independent risk factors affecting the degree of alcohol dependence in patients with alcohol dependence （P < 0.05）.   Conclusion   Alcohol-dependent patients have the symptoms of anxiety and depression, cognitive impairment and sleep problems, and the three kinds of problems interact with each other. The degree of alcohol dependence would increase along with the increase of drinking frequency, drinking amount and anxiety level.