儿童急性中毒相关因素与干预措施

目的:探讨儿童急性中毒的原因,以寻求相应的干预措施。方法:回顾性分析我院儿科2000年1月-2004年12月收治的126例儿童急性中毒病例的临床资料。结果:126例儿童急性中毒中,药物中毒(过量)70例(55.56%);1-3岁儿童中毒73例(57.94%);家中发生中毒98例(77.78%);乡村儿童中毒75例(59.52%);城市儿童药物中毒(过量)72.55%,乡村药物中毒(过量)44.0%,其次灭鼠药及农药中毒30.67%;急性中毒死亡率3.17%。结论:儿童急性中毒乡村高于城市,均以药物中毒为首要因素,家中的急性中毒发生率明显高于户外;1-3岁小儿是急性中毒高发年龄,与这一年龄段的发育特点有关,儿童急性中毒应以预防为主。

The parameters involved and prevention on acute poisoning of children

Objective:To explore the parameters of acute poisoning of children and to search the preventive measures of the poisoning.Methods:This retrospective study was performed on 126 cases of poisoning who were treated in this department during a five year period(from Jan,2000 to Dec,2004).Results:Seventy of the poisoning cases(55.56 %) were drug overdose;Poisoning was most common in the 1～3 years age group(57.94 %);The acute poisoning was frequent at indoor(77.8 %) and in village(59.52 %);The pattern of poisoning was similar to that in city(72.55 %) and that in village(44.0 %),having medicines predominating.The second cause of poisoning in village was rat-killers and organic phosphorus compounds.The fatality rate was 3.17 %.Conclusion:The poisoning frequency in village is higher than that in city and the leading cause of poisoning both is the same.The poisoning at indoor is more frequent than that at outdoor.Children of 1～3 years of age are more susceptible to acute poisoning.It is thus recommended that more preventive measures must be taught to the population.