儿童继发于甲基丙二酸血症的微血管性溶血及肾脏损伤病例分析

目的总结以微血管性溶血及肾脏损伤为主要表现的甲基丙二酸血症(MMA)患儿的临床特点。方法回顾性分析4例以微血管性溶血及肾脏损伤为主要表现的MMA患儿的临床资料。结果 4例患儿中,男女各2例,年龄为9个月到3岁7个月。2例确诊为MMA合并同型半胱氨酸血症;2例确诊为MMA,但未行同型半胱氨酸检查。4例患儿均表现为中重度贫血、蛋白尿、血尿、高血压,其中1例患儿肾功能异常且有血小板减低,表现为溶血尿毒综合征。2例患儿行肾脏穿刺活检,分别为肾小球增生硬化性病变伴肾小管坏死、系膜增生性肾小球肾炎。4例患儿均给予维生素B12等治疗,治疗后微血管性溶血指标及肾脏损伤指标明显好转。结论 MMA可出现微血管性溶血及肾脏损伤,甚至出现溶血尿毒综合征,需要及时诊断和治疗。

Clinical analysis of the microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and renal impairment secondary to methylmalonic ;academia in children

Objectives To review the clinical features in children with methylmalonic academia (MMA) having the primary clinical manifestations of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and renal impairment. Methods The clinical data of 4 children diagnosed of MMA with the primary clinical manifestations of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and renal impairment were retrospectively analyzed from August 2013 to present. Results In the four children (two boys and two girls) with the age from nine months to three years seven mouths, two children were diagnosed with MMA combined with homocysteine, and 2 children were diagnosed with MMA, but there was no homocysteine testing. All four children showed moderate to severe anemia, proteinuria, hematuria, and hypertension. One child had abnormal renal function and thrombocytopenia, and manifested as hemolytic uremic syndrome. Renal biopsy was performed in 2 children and they had glomerular sclerosis lesions with renal tubular necrosis and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis respectively. All children were treated with vitamin B12, and the indexes of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and renal impairment were improved signiifcantly. Conclusions MMA may be combined with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, renal impairment and even hemolytic uremic syndrome, and the early diagnosis and treatment is required.